Tattoos and Their Relationship to Polynesian Culture

â€Å"They print signs on people’s body and call this tattow†- James Cook (Losch, 2003). What might his first thoughts have been upon anchoring at one of the Polynesian islands, seeing natives covered in markings? What did the markings and designs mean? Could he have wondered what the significance was, who did this to them, and what was used to place those markings on them. Although tattoos were ultimately banned, there was an impact on the Polynesian culture; one could determine ones rank, status, and origin based on the tattoos. Tattoos have existed on the Polynesian islands for over 2000 years, Samoa being the oldest island in the Polynesian chain and Aotearoa-slash-Te Waipounamu being the youngest of the islands that practiced tattooing. Although the Spaniards were the first to discover tattoos in Polynesia in 1595, the first written descriptions regarding tattoos did not appear for almost two centuries (Tahiti Tatou, 2007). Though there were differences between the Polynesian islands that made each island unique there were also similarities that were shared between all the islands. One of the primary differences between the tattoos on Polynesian islands was the traditional names that were used for tattooing. For example, many of the islands used traditional names for tattooing such as Moko from the island Maori, Tatatu from the island of Tonga, and Tatau from the island of Samoa. In fact the term tattoo originated from the Polynesian word â€Å"ta† which means to strike something and the Tahitian word â€Å"tatau† which means to mark something (Designbloom, 2000-2009). There were two basic design styles that were shared amongst all the Polynesian islands. The first design style was known as Etua and the second style was known as Enata (Hastings, 2009). The designs associated with Etua were of a strong spiritual nature, had a religious connotation, and were looked upon as magical symbols that would provide protection by the gods. The designs associated with Enata were based on natural designs which could be used to determine a native’s status, role, genealogy, occupation, and identity. The following are some examples of symbols based on Polynesian design and their meanings (Hastings 2009). Shark’s Teeth- Shark’s teeth tattoos are for protection Turtles- A turtle symbol represents long life and fertility Tiki- The god Tiki is often shown with eyes closed. This is because Tiki is able to smell trouble before it is seen. Although Enata and Etua were distinct styles, the patterns and designs used by the various islands, and the tribes of each island were distinct enough to set them apart from one another. The following was noted, â€Å"Within the islands currently known as French Polynesia (the Society, Tuamotu, Austral, Gambier and Marquesas groups), the individual island groups or even individual islands had unique designs. Thus, it was possible to identify a person's origins based on their tattoos† (Losch, 2003). An example of the ability to identify natives based on their island of origin was the spiral motif used by the Maori natives of Aotearoa-slash-Te Waipounamu. Not only was it possible to identify the island of origin it was also possible to determine the status that one held within the tribe. The ritual of receiving a tattoo normally began as one reached teenage years; this was looked upon as a rite of passage into adulthood. Additional tattoos were added over time; the more a man was tattooed the more prestige he had (Opusmang, 2008). Tattoos played an important role in determining how one was looked upon within the tribe, tattoos were associated with wealth, strength, and power. Consequently, it was not uncommon for the chief, and the warriors to have the most detailed, and extensive tattoos. Additionally, Tattoos were so important in the culture that those men, who were completely tattooed, known as to’oata, were admired; however, those men who were not tattooed were despised by their tribe (Tahiti Tatou, 2007). Tattoos on men were far more extensive then on women and included intricate designs. The tattoos on Samoan men’s thighs were so extensive that it almost appeared as though they were clothed. Additionally Samoan men had a tattoo that was referred to as a â€Å"pe’a† which covered their thighs, buttock, lower back, and concluded with a piece around their naval. Unlike the design of the female referred to as â€Å"malu†, which was a lace webbing design, the design of the â€Å"pe’a† was a solid pattern. As opposed to males, the tattoos on females were generally located on the hands, feet, arms, ears, and lips (Tahiti Tatou, 2007). Women of wealth were allowed to have their legs tattooed if they chose to do so. There were additional differences that related to men and women when it came to tattoos. One such difference related to Tahitian women, it was common practice for them to have a deep blue hue on their loins and buttocks. Another common practice occurred when a young girl reached the age of 12, her right hand was tattooed, at which point she was allowed to prepare food, and join in the ritual of rubbing coconut oil on deceased members of the tribe (Tahiti Tatou, 2007). Traditionally males were the most decorated members of the tribe; however this was not the case on Fiji and Tahiti. As a matter of fact it was the exact opposite; the females were required to have tattoos. The first tattoos that a young girl received were marks on the inside of her arms, she was then deemed free of food taboos, and was then allowed accept food from others (Opusmang, 2008). The island of Samoa could very well have ended up with the same tradition as Fiji and Tahiti if not for two Samoan sisters who received their training in Fiji. Upon their return trip from Fiji the Samoan sisters, who were credited with bringing the art and ritual of tattooing to Samoa, somehow managed to reverse the tradition (Losch, 2003). Thus it appears a new tradition was started quite by accident, which resulted in the extensive and intricate tattooing of the male natives on Samoa. This new tradition was adopted by many of the Polynesian islands. Tattooing was considered a ritual that was preceded by a ceremony. The preparation that led up to the ceremony was quite elaborate, a period of cleansing was required; one was expected to fast and abstain from contact with women during this period. The art of tattooing was described by Dr. ROLLIN in this manner: â€Å"The patient was immobilized most frequently in a sort of vise composed of two trunks of banana trees between which he was attached and held tight. The tattooer, accompanied by his assistants, sang a sort of chant of the occasion syncopated to the rhythm of the tapping of his little mallet. Each drop of blood was rapidly wiped up with a scrap of tapa, so that none be allowed to fall to the ground† (Tahiti Tatou, 2007). The ritual was very painful and could go on for several days or weeks. Specific tools and dye were created to perform the ritual act of tattooing. The tools were created out of either bone or tortoise shell. The implement was shaped into a comb with needles on the end, which was attached to a handle. The dye was created from the soot of burnt candlenut which was mixed with water or oil (Tahiti Tatou, 2007). The tool was dipped into the dye; the needles were placed on the person’s body and tapped with a mallet, which transferred the dye. This process was repeated numerous time until either the individual could no longer take the pain or the sun went down. Nevertheless, it was continued the following day, and many days thereafter until the design was complete. Performing the act of tattooing members of one’s tribe was considered a sacred act which was performed by a master or a shaman. In most instances it was the master or shaman that determined the type of design, who would receive the tattoo, and when (Losch, 2003). In fact they were highly trained, aware of the meanings of the designs, and highly proficient in the technical art that was involved. As a result, the master or shaman was held in high esteem by all members of the tribe. The practice of tattooing tribe members went on for many years until the arrival of missionaries in 1797. Soon after their arrival tattooing was banned by the missionaries, it was deemed to go against the Old Testament and was forbidden by Christian churches. Consequently tattooing remained on the fringes of society, in other cases the art of tattooing completely died out, as occurred on the islands of Tonga and Rapanui. As a result many of the original designs were thought to be lost when missionaries banned tattoos after their arrival in the in 1797. Ironically traditional Polynesian tattoo designs are reappearing due to over 400 notes and drawings that were done by a missionary named Karl Von Steinen (Tahiti Tatou, 2007). Prior to the banning of tattoos by missionaries in 1797 tattoos played an important role in the Polynesian culture. Tattoos had a direct impact on tribal hierarchy. In fact it was possible to determine the island of origin and the status one held in the tribe based on the design of the tattoos, the locations of the tattoos, and the number of tattoos that covered the body. There were, in fact, differences between male and female members of the tribe when it came to determining the location of the tattoos, the designs of the tattoos, and the quantity of tattoos. The fact that individuals were willing to endure such pain over many days or even weeks is an indication of how important tattooing was to the Polynesian culture. Try to imagine the pain associated with being tattooed, the only choices available are to proceed with the tattoo or risk being shunned, ostracized, and despised by the tribe.

What the Best Form of Government Is?

The purpose of this essay is to examine how the philosopher Thomas Hobbes answers the question of â€Å"what the best form of government is† in objection to Plato's answer that philosophers should rule. In this paper, I will defend this statement by using the arguments Plato has made in The Republic on why philosophers should rule and responding to them with critics from Thomas Hobbes, explaining Hobbes belief in absolute monarchy, and using a real-life example of why Thomas Hobbes belief in absolute monarchy is the best form of government.To begin, we must understand the reason behind why Plato decided to make this argument for philosophers to rule. At the time, the Athenian democracy was very unstable; which is the main reason why Plato decided to write The Republic. He believed that he knew the answer to why this instability was happening; â€Å"no competent leadership† (501b), and that is why in the first couple books, Plato focuses on defining the term â€Å"justice† and the prevention measures that a state can take in order to avoid the tyrannies that occurred in the Athenian democracy. As we unravel more, he goes on to write about the importance a governing body has to the state; because it takes the best people found in society and allows them to become moral and political examples for the other â€Å"classes† of citizens. In the Republic Book VIII, he mentions five types of regimes starting off with the best form of government which is called â€Å"aristocracy†. Philosophers ruling in the aristocracy means this regime is funded from wisdom and reason according to Plato. For every regime in Plato's books, he has a man that illustrates what they stand for and are analyzed by Plato to advocate for his best form of government; philosophers as kings that rule. Plato has the aristocratic state divided into three caste-like parts: the ruling class, the auxiliaries, and the rest of people (majority.) Focusing on the ruling class, they are considered the â€Å"golden† ones because they have gold souls and are the only ones capable of ruling. Plato believes that a philosopher king needs to go through proper training from the day they were born in order to become â€Å"golden†. The philosopher kings go through an educational system that aims in training them to become selfless and upright, and they are taught â€Å"The Truth† based on Platonic ideas which allows their souls to become calm and aware of absolute Good. That brings us to an important question; what is absolute good? According to Plato, the absolute Good that philosopher kings can see is the metaphysical origin of all that is good, which includes happiness. Philosopher kings do not focus on personal interests or shadows of Good (such as money, fame) but instead shift their focus towards real happiness. Real happiness for philosopher kings is not to abuse the power given for his own selfish desires, but to dedicate his life into establishing Good in the state. Plato writes in The Republic that humans generally want what is intrinsically good, â€Å"even if the person does not realize the nature of what is good† (Plato 505d). This means that although each person has the ability to commit bad actions, it is general and not based off a fundamental law, but instead appetites and desires. Now we can mention philosopher Thomas Hobbes (who I feel answers this question best) who writes in the â€Å"Leviathan† with a similar belief of strong power and human appetites and aversions, but he does not agree with Plato's statement of humans wanting good necessarily, but rather wanting what protects them best. Hobbes goes on to write how a man in the state of nature living is at risk of a state of chaos because of his appetites and how humans will â€Å"provoke the rest† and create war and aggression. The way both Plato and Hobbes feel about what humans want shapes what kind of ideal society they feel would best work in order to prevent chaos. For Plato, the philosopher kings are the only ones who possess truth and therefore are the only ones who can show average people how to act in society. Meaning that people in society are going to obey the philosopher kings because at the end of the day; everyone wants the general good. However, Hobbes criticizes Plato's theory of this by writing how nobody can achieve the possession of truth and therefore will be uncapable of seeing the good for the state and not themselves. Hobbes feels because nobody can posses the truth; they also can not pass down moral understanding to something they lack and are not qualified in. Hobbes focuses more on ration and logic and does not consider religious aspects or morals when it comes to government which is more effective to this day. The reason he argues for this is that each person has different moral standpoints and it can not simply be summarized for the over all majority because it is simply not fair. Religion as well varies from person to person and a very common reason for civil war in a state comes from the church and the state, when people are having religious practices forced upon them. In an absolute monarchy, everyone must follow the rules placed upon them which are made to keep peace and avoid all these conflicts. Thomas Hobbes does not believe that morality has any importance when it comes to government. The purpose of government according to him is to protect every citizen by reinforcing the laws which keeps society at peace. Hobbes summarizes his theory in the Leviathan by explaining, â€Å"If two want the same thing and they both cannot have it, they become enemies and endeavor to destroy one another† (Hobbes 141). This becomes the political theory he stands for because it further means that unlike Plato, men are constantly in battle with other men due to the lack of satisfaction for what he already has. Hobbes believes because humans are selfish, the only proper form of government is absolute monarchy. In the Leviathan, he uses the argument that a civil society would not be subject to destruction within if it is constructed with an absolute monarchy. An absolute monarchy is a form of monarchy that has one ruler being the supreme power and that power is not limited to any laws that are written, legislations, or customs. He explains how any disagreements between state and church or rival governments or any factionalism in general within society can lead to civil war. He holds onto the concept that any form of civil government that all people of society submit to will maintain common peace because those arising conflict issues will not happen. The sovereign is in charge of running the government, this includes creating the laws, controlling the churches, determining first principles, and solving any conflicts that happen because of different philosophical beliefs. According to Hobbes, only this absolute sovereign can maintain a civil society, and avoid war from being entered into society. Equality also plays an important role in why Thomas Hobbes believes in absolute monarchy. Unlike Plato, he does not believe that anyone is better than anyone else, regardless of differences, no man can see ultimate truth and therefore are not so different after all. I agree with Thomas Hobbes belief in absolute monarchy because as he mentions in the Leviathan his main purpose of supporting absolute monarchy it to try to avoid destruction happening within the state. Civil war can occur in a state from any type of disagreement as Hobbes mentioned between church and state for example that can lead to destruction within, so he feels the best way to avoid that is to create an absolute monarchy so that people will be safe. A real-life famous example of a successful absolute monarchy is in Swaziland and goes way back to the seventeenth-century. Swaziland is the last monarchy left in Africa, but many middle-eastern countries in the world still have this form of government. The power an absolute monarchy has is still shown today when we look at the 1973 emergency act the king of Sobhuza II took declaring the state in emergency in the country is still in effect today. In Swaziland, the king had total authority over the cabinet, legislature, and judiciary of the country. In an absolute monarchy, the ruler can impose rules everyone must follow to aim at protecting the country and keeping peace within.Another real-life example from a more personal standpoint would be the country Jordan, which is in the Middle East and my home country. Jordan is one of the only countries in the Middle East that does not have conflict destroying their countries and does not have war going on. The reason behind this is simply their form of government which is an absolute monarchy. All the power lays on the Hashemite King of Jordan, his name is Abdullah and he is well loved and respected from all the residents living in Jordan. He has managed to keep the country one of the safest countries in the Middle East and has taken care of the general good of everyone in the country. King Abdullah has so much power to the point where there is no freedom of speech when it comes to the royal family, meaning anyone saying anything negative about the king is a crime and can be imprisoned. The reason for this law is that there are many great supporters and lovers of the king who would cause harm and start war with those who speak badly of him and for the general good of keeping everyone at peace; the king just puts those people away to prevent things from escalating. When you really think about it, in this kind of situation both the name of the King and the person who is speaking bad is being protected, which avoided a conflict from rising and creating civil war. Hobbes is right when he says humans are selfish beings who always want more because other countries in the Middle East who are not ran by an absolute monarchy are destroying one another through civil war within their country. In conclusion, Hobbes had a main concern regarding that the most effective form of government- whatever its form- must have absolute authority. He states that their powers must be neither divided nor limited. The reason he feels this as I had mention was for the general well being of the state in avoidance of conflicts occurring from civil disputes. The reason he emphasizes the need for absolutism is because once the authority opens room for limitation of their power, people will over step their limits and their selfish wants will come out and fear is the only way to keep the majority safe. The only uncertainty Hobbes is yet to explain is his treatment of religion. My paper was only looking at the Leviathan, where it becomes unclear how religion plays out in his whole political theory. In other books, Hobbes discussed his Christian religion in each revision for his political philosophy. Conflicting examinations from readers on whether Hobbes meant to use his core Christian commitments that come from absolutism, or if he just disregarded the readers religious beliefs by using irony. Regardless of how Hobbes intentions in Leviathan are understood, it seems to me that Hobbes is a rational thinker who only speaks the truth that many people only obey and treat people well due to fear from higher conquers. In a state of human nature, everyone would do whatever they please because there is no fear; meaning selfish humans will all destroy themselves.

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Conflict Escalation - Essay Example 152). Escalation may take place for other raison d'tres too. In accordance with the "conflict spiral model" (Rubin et al, 1994) escalation takes place when all sides reply to the other's endeavors. A conflict initiated with an easygoing approach by one party, pursued by equivalent plans by the other party. These plans sequentially create increasingly more violent plans by the prior party, which then stir up an equivalent reaction by the adversary. A number of studies corroborate that people respond obnoxious behavior in public communications (Burgoon, Le Poire, and Rosenshal, 1995) and get trapped in "joint controversial interactions" in discussions (Brett, Shapiro, and Lytle, 1998). When fights escalate, other people are vulnerable to be concerned. Organizations start to makepressure and inflict insensitive negative sanctions. Fighting may establish, or if violent behavior has already cropped up it may turn out to be harsher and/or prevalent as several opponents implicated in the conflict raises, with lots of people vigorously employ in conflict (Kriesberg, 1998, pg. 152). 'Escalation Conflict' can be considered as a realism of organization and organizational behavior (OB). Nearly every one will comprehend what is generally meant by "organizational conflict" and be familiar with its continuation and results. We can perceive conflict as an organizational behavior projected to impede the success of someone else's personal or organizational objectives. Conflict is anchored in the inappropriateness of aims and stems from differing organizational behaviors. In this paper, we shall discuss them briefly, and discuss how 'escalation of conflict' will be observed at the individuals' behavior, group dynamics or organizational processes and organizational structural levels. Individuals' Behavior There are countless researches that people usually are liable to assess behaviors, involvements, and results in provisos approving to the self (Dreu, Carsten et al. 1995). Conflict is menacing and brings about nervousness to an individual experiencing the conflicted behavior, whether it comes by a person or persons or is heading for other individuals working in an organization. People have distinct or opposite reflective processes and attitudes. They have dissimilar likes and dislikes, different viewpoints and dissimilar spiritual values. Individuals have dissimilar thoughts about the correct and incorrect way to execute things or about correct and incorrect as a general rule. All of these combined facets of the individual behavior can result in conflict when groups or a group of individuals worked together (Dreu, Carsten et al. 1995). Group Dynamics Central adjustments or changes that groups of individuals experience during escalation take account of not only the socio-psychological adjustments, but also alterations at the grouping or combined level. Dynamics at individualistic level are time and again emphasized by combined conversation and are likely to become group rules. Combined objectives of beating the opponent expand, in addition to enhanced group interrelatedness (Rubin et al. pg. 90). Once individuals comprehend that others share their visions and pay attention to new judgment supportive of them, their personal insights are legalized and resistant. Group debate can thus bring about individual associate to turn out to be more severe in their aggressive behaviours. Many rational

Oedipus the King and his Importance to Religious Festivals Essay

Oedipus the King and his Importance to Religious Festivals - Essay Example Oedipus the King and his Importance to Religious Festivals Despite the plethora of gods the ancient Greeks had to choose from in terms of whom they wished to worship, there were two major cults that had tremendous influence over all the rest. These were the Dionysians and the Apollonians. In general terms, the Apollonian revered analytic distinctions, unique individuality and rational thought – anything that was structured and made sharp distinctions (Kreis, 2004). Dionysus, on the other hand, was associated with the concepts of drunkenness and wild abandon, the creativity of nature and the abandonment of the individual in favor of becoming lost in the whole (Kreis, 2004). Although these concepts seem diametrically opposed, they actually tend to represent the two sides of human nature and are thus both necessary in any examination into the motivations and activities of any individual. Tragedies such as Oedipus the King, through its use of the various elements of tragedy identified by Aristotle, helped illustrate the values of each of these religious traditions and clarify the need for both in order to live a happy, healthy, successful life. Much of Greek tragedy follows a consistent pattern that was once identified specifically by one eloquent orator. According to Aristotle, every tragedy is structured around five key events. These include mimesis, hamartia, anagnorisis, peripeteia and catharsis. Aristotle said all poetry was a form of imitation of real life. â€Å"Aristotle imagines that poetry springs from a basic human delight in mimicry.

Vocabulary Game for English Language Learners (ELL students) Essay

Vocabulary Game for English Language Learners (ELL students) - Essay Example The game in this presentation is one that focuses on the use of prepositions and adjectives. This experience can be related to what I have learned about ELL and how they interact with material as well as the benefits of face to face interaction. It also relates to things like the development of literacy. â€Å"There is a growing concern over the ability of the educational system to meet the needs of the increasingly diverse multiethnic, multilingual classroom. Prominent among these needs is the acquisition of literacy skills. In recent years, researchers have begun to challenge simplistic notions about the development of English as a Second Language (ESL)1 literacy skills† (Geva, 2000). The game is basically a variation of tic-tac-toe. Most students, even those from other countries, are familiar with tic-tac-toe, and if they are not, it does not take long for the teacher to explain it, and for them to catch on during play. The game begins with the teacher using a whiteboard and marker to draw the tic-tac-toe grid. In each square of the grid, a preposition and adjective are placed, with the â€Å"to be† verb added where necessary. For example, in the first round, the grid may be â€Å"be afraid of,† â€Å"vote for,† â€Å"be confident in,† â€Å"be married to,† â€Å"take from,† â€Å"fight for,† â€Å"dream about,† etc., with one phrase in each square. The students then pair into twos. One student is X; the other is O. The students take turns using the preposition and adjective in their own example, to get the square. When the game is over, the winning student can play the next student up, in a round robin, if necessary. If there is no winner in the tic-tac-toe game, the teacher should move on to another group of two students. Overall, this is a more effective game to play in classes of ten or fewer students, because this still

Electronic Commerce (Frank Sissons LTD) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

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I think that pornography is harmful to a couples relationship Essay

I think that pornography is harmful to a couples relationship - Essay Example In today’s world of technology where everything has gone cyber, all multimedia including pornography is available on the internet easily accessible around the world and has become part and parcel of people’s sexual lives especially youngsters. I would strongly recommend all couples to accept this notion to be a healthy part of their relationships and, in case of any difference of opinions, to discuss openly about this agenda and give it a try to experience the fruitful outcome it generates between them. Through ages, surveys have been conducted to determine whether pornography is harmful for a relationship and what effects it produces for a couple. Consequently, researchers have identified few established facts about the aftereffects of watching pornography by a couple, individually or together. If we see in terms of collectively watching it, we come across two major advantages it provides as explained in a lecture by Mr. Chen: It contributes to the learning and sexual knowledge of couple. They can educate by identifying new exciting activities and ways to physically mate with one’s partner. They can know new ways to stimulate the partner and about the dos and don’ts during sex. It also adds to their chemistry by enhancing the intimacy and ecstasy between them in bed. Couples tend to get bored soon due to repetition of similar activities in every session. Pornography makes them look forward to their regular intercourse sessions where they can try new things as seen on video, creating better thrill and variations (Chen, 14 March 2013). Variety in sexual relationship plays a vital part for almost all couples. According to Crooks and Baur, many individuals have a misconception that excitement and arousals stirred in their sexual experiences will always stay the same as in initial stage. Soon, they seek alternatives as their saving grace to gain satisfaction which they cannot get anymore from their own relationship (Crooks and Baur, pp. 201). This destroys a relationship completely and might ultimately result in breakup out of need for change! This is where the essential role of pornography sweeps in, creating new vibes of pleasures and sensuality. It is important for couple to allow its involvement in their sexual lives and discuss about it when the need arises. Speaking on an individual level, it is also necessary to have personal space to watch pornography occasionally when he or she feels too overdosed with intercourse. Also, according to an article provided in Elia’s book, researches showed that individuals, especially men, claim that, inspired from tactics used in pornographic content, they discovered new methods to pleasure themselves and guide their partners to do the same during sex to stimulate them better. The craving to improvise and to try something different got fulfilled for most of the men by indulging themselves in self-pleasure while watching pornography (Elia, John and Albert, pp. 283). Se xual pleasures are the primary goal for any intimate activity carried out by a couple. In his book, â€Å"Sex Industry: Porn and Prostitution† (Pp. 269-273), suggests that self-pleasures while watching pornography motivates individuals to try these activities with their partners as well. They associate having intercourse with their partners to the reward of getting arousals and ultimately orgasm. There is a possibility of enhancement of emotional attachments in a couple through attaining orgasms which in turn are guided through education learnt via pornography. Therefore, it might prove to be beneficial to discover oneself through self-pleasure exercises during pornography and

Critique a Research Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Critique a Research Study - Essay Example A number of recommendations for practice, policy and research were made in the light of these findings. The problem that the paper seeks to address is the need to find better ways of supporting the rising number of cases in Canada where an elderly woman is cared for in the community by an adult daughter. This problem has arisen partly because of the demographics of Canada, which show a lengthening of life expectancy in general, and a predicted rise in the number of age related diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and other kinds of dementia. Another factor that is causing the numbers of such cases to rise is the rising cost of care home provision, and the closure of many care homes, leaving by far the majority of dementia sufferers to be cared for by their families in the community, often with little or no support from professional carers. The purpose of this study is then to address this gap in the literature and investigate the perceptions and experiences of mothers who a re suffering from dementia and who are cared for by their adult daughters. Literature Review Since the emergence of feminist theories in the middle of the twentieth century there has been a growing awareness of the particular problems and issues that face women in largely patriarchal Western societies. Considerable research has been carried out on the relocation of care from home to a residential setting and even here the continuing care of family members can be beneficial to dementia sufferers, so long as the relationship and interaction between professional care staff and family carers is carefully managed. A study by Maas et al. (2004) on a Family Involvement in Care Intervention carried out in 14 American care home settings concluded that the use of such a structured program improved the caregiving experience of family members in nursing homes, and also had positive effects on the attitudes of nursing home staff towards family caregivers. Dementia affects whole families, because it changes the way that the dementia patient relates to others, and requires adjustments in the way that the family sees the mother role in particular. A study by Mui (1995) confirmed that families who enjoyed good relationships before the onset of dementia generally coped better with the diagnosis and rallied round to provide better care for their loved one, than families which had previously had strained relationships. Because care in the community is a relatively recent phenomenon, there has until now been a focus on care home treatments of dementia, with less research into women with dementia who remain in the community. When this has occurred, it has often focused on the effects of the situation on carers, who can suffer stress due to the demanding nature of the illness (McCarty, 1996). There has been very little research from the perspective of the patients themselves, especially when they are cared for in their own home and outside the mainstream healthcare system. The paper by Ward-Griffin et al. (2006) builds on these earlier studies and takes them one step further by eliciting views directly from women with dementia themselves. Theory This paper explicitly states that it is guided by feminist and life-course perspectives (Ward-Griffin et al., 2004, p. 183). This implies an awareness of the social context of care, and the expectations, inequalities and pressures that Canadian society attaches

Leadership Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership - Movie Review Example The fact that he and his men were wiped out eventually may be considered immaterial if one chose to look at it in terms of the leadership he displayed. In the film, Leonidas and his troop do not seem intimidated by the apparent strength of the opposing group. They look inspired and driven by a sense of self-belief? They are fighting for a purpose and will not stop at anything to defend their kingdom from external aggression. They are undeterred and willing to pay any price to defend their territory from foreign oppression by the Persians. Discussion It takes extraordinary leadership to venture into certain things. Leonidas must be an extraordinary leader to make his 300 men believe that they could be victors in a battle against 300 men. Kouzes and Posner (2012) outline certain five practices of exemplary leadership in any organization. An exemplary leader models the way. They have the quality of personal credibility. They inspire others to believe in their abilities. They stand up for what they believe in. Leonidas stands against oppression of the Spartans by the Persians. He certainly understands that the inner belief is superior to physical strength at the battlefront. He makes 300 men believe in him, and they line up against 300000 men. According Kouzes and Posner (2012), a leader models the way by building and affirming certain shared values that are embraced by all. Leonidas and his men share the belief that Greece should never be invaded by foreigners who would end up oppressing the Spartans. They fight for a common cause. The second practice of an exemplary leader comes out naturally at this point. It involves inspiring a shared vision.

UC Essay Prompt Essay Example for Free

UC Essay Prompt Essay Prompt 1: Describe the world you come from — for example, your family, community or school — and tell us how your world has shaped your dreams and aspirations. The school that I come from, Campolindo High School, is one of the best high schools in the state. We were often told to not be worried about getting what we believe to be bad grades in the harder classes that we take because getting a B or sometimes even a C is equivalent to get an A in most other high schools. We have been told throughout high school that a high standard is expected of us, like receiving high scores on standardized tests like the SAT, ACT, AP exams, the CAHSEE, and the Star tests. We are also expected to behave a certain way outside of school because it has a reputation to uphold and all of us are linked to that reputation. I think that high standard from Campolindo has transferred and been engrained in life outside of school. From this point on in my life, I will expect only the best of myself because anything less than that isn’t worth the time or the effort and it just looks bad to other people as well. I don’t have to succeed all the time in everything that I do, but I must always learn from what I fail at so the next time I attempt it, I will succeed. Campolindo High School has opened up endless possibilities for my future and I am very excited to experience them. Prompt 2: Tell us about a personal quality, talent, accomplishment, contribution or experience that is important to you. What about this quality or accomplishment makes you proud and how does it relate to the person you are? Going to Hayward La Honda Music Camp is an experience that I will never forget. The camp feels like its cut off from the rest of the world, none of the problems from my life follow me to band camp. It’s a place where I forget all of my troubles for the week that I am there, a nice escape from reality. It’s also a place to meet fun and interesting new people. The campers who go there range from entering sixth grade to graduating high school. All the different levels of musicianship come together within several bands, orchestras, and even choir. Everyone always learns something about playing better because there is always someone who is better than them at La Honda. Band camp is the best place to hear strange stories as well as the best place to get stories to tell to friends at school, because everyone loves a story that starts out with â€Å"one time at band camp†. La Honda doesn’t just teach me how to play my oboe better; it teaches me how to grow as a person. I learn about teamwork and how to communicate with others with gestures and thoughts instead of words. I have also learned about disciplining myself, holding back impulses, thinking things through before I make a decision. All of these skills that I learn at band camp will not only help me when playing with a band or orchestra, but in all areas of my life. What I learn at band camp can’t be learned in my high school band. At high school, most of the people aren’t committed to making music, they take band because it’s an easy class to get a good grade in, their parents made them take it, it looks good for college, especially if they started in sixth or seventh grade, they can screw around with their friends during rehearsal, or they need at least one year of a performing arts class in order to graduate. At La Honda, everyone is there because they want to work together to create the most beautiful music that they can possible create. La Honda isn’t just about playing music though, it’s about making friendships and learning all kinds of skills that will last throughout your life.

Martins Luther King Jr. Strugle for Racial Segregation and Civil Rights Essay Example for Free

Martins Luther King Jr. Strugle for Racial Segregation and Civil Rights Essay Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most important figures within the fields of politics and non-violent activism of the 20th century. King was born on 15th of January 1929 in the city of Atlanta within the boundaries of the state of Georgia. Originally Martin Luther King Jr. as named after his father as Michael King, although his father who was also named after Michael King after visiting the Nazi Germany in order to attend the Fifth Baptist World Alliance Congress in Berlin he found himself been inspired by a German reformer called Martin Luther, so he decided to change both his name and his son’s name into Martin Luther King and Martin Luther King Jr. respectively. King was the middle child of the family having a younger brother Alfred Daniel Williams King and an older sister Willie Christine King. As a reference to his education he attended Booker T. Washington High school, also it is stated that he was a precocious student as he skipped two grades the ninth and the twelfth and entered Morehouse College at the early age of fifteen. He graduated College in 1948 and enrolled in Crozer Theological Seminary in Chester which he graduated with a B. Div. degree in 1951. Meanwhile in 1953 he married Correta Scott and eventually became a father of four children Yolanda King, Martin Luther King III, Dexter Scott King, and Bernice King. Thereupon he became a pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery in 1954; he began his doctoral degree course in Systematic Theology at Boston University and graduated receiving his Ph. D. degree in 1955 with a dissertation on A Comparison of the Conceptions of God in the Thinking of Paul Tillich and Henry Nelson Wieman. Although an academic observation which was held in 1991 concluded that parts of his dissertation were plagiarized but the committee decided that his degree shouldn’t be revoked. As a remark Martin Luther King Jr. was strongly influenced by religion (as it was natural, as been a Christian Minister since 1947) more specifically he was influenced by Jesus Christ and the Christian Gospels from which he frequently used quotes in his public speeches, he was also inspired from Mahatma Gandhi’s non-violent activist action. In April of 1959 he made a desired for him as it was stated trip to India with the assistance of the American Friends Service Committee, it has to be mentioned that the trip affected King in a profound way and helped him deepen his knowledge and understanding in non-violent resistance and his commitment to the America’s struggle for civil rights, as he stated the last day of his trip to India in a local radio, King said: â€Å"Since being in India, I am more convinced than ever before that the method of non-violent resistance is the most potent weapon available to oppressed people in their struggle for justice and human dignity. The â€Å"Fight† Against Segregation It all started back in 1955 in Montgomery, Alabama, Claudette Colvin an African- American girl which in fact was under aged unmarried pregnant girl refused to give up her seat to a white man. At that point King was a member of the Birmingham African-American community and also a member of the committee which looked into the case but it was decided that they should wait for a better case to pursue. Their patience yielded. On December 1, 1955 an other African-American girl called Rosa Sparks also refused to give up her seat, back on that date the buses rows were â€Å"separated†, white people should seat on the front rows and the African-American people should seat on the back rows of the busses seats, as natural at some point the two â€Å"different† categories of passengers would meet. At that point the bus’s seats were all occupied and according to Jim Crow laws the following African-American passengers that would board on the bus were required to stand. It was exactly what they were waiting for, and soon after Rosa was arrested the Montgomery Bus Boycott broke out, it lasted 385 days. The whole Boycott issue turned out as a huge victory, although during the campaign a bombing attack was made against King’s house and he was also arrested. As a result the United States District Court in Browder v. Gayle case ended the racial segregation in all Montgomery public busses. After the Montgomery Bus Boycott King’s contribution to the result transformed him into a national figure and he was also off the record declared the best-known spokesman of the civil-rights movement. The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Soon after the Montgomery lowdown King, Ralph Abernathy, and other civil rights activists founded the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC). The group was created in order to saddle the moral authority and organizing power of black churches to conduct non-violent protests in the service of civil rights reform, King led the SCLC until his death. In 1962 SCLC joins Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) in the Albany Movement which was stated to be the first major non-violent campaign of SCLC. The Albany movement was a desegregation movement which was formed by local activist organizations, the SNCC and the National Association for the Advanced of Colored People (NAACP). The movement’s leader was William G. Anderson. During the period of King’s involvement with the Albany movement he was arrested twice, once in a mass arrest on 15th December of 1961 and in July of 1962. Although it has to be mentioned that King had been criticized by SNCC, they’ve even given him a snide nickname â€Å"De Lawd†, because as they claimed he maintained a safe distance from challenges that had to deal with Jim Crow laws. Birmingham Campaign Soon after the incidents in Albany the Birmingham campaign came to light. Birmingham campaign was a movement organized by SCLC and led by Martin Luther King Jr. and others. In the spring of 1963 the operation of the Birmingham campaign was at its peak, including widely publicized controversies between black young people and white civic authorities and eventually led the municipal government to change the citys discrimination laws. A fact that can’t remain unnoticed as during the early 60s Birmingham was one of the most racially divided cities in the United States. Ultimately Birmingham movement was defined as a model of direct action protest, as it effectively shut down the city through a boycott and a series of sit-ins and marches, and drew the world’s attention to racial segregation in the South. Also it is stated that it paved the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Great March on Washington After the Birmingham campaign the SCLC called for massive protests in Washington DC to push for new civil rights legislation that would outlaw segregation nation-wide which turned to be an unparalleled success. The Great march on Washington claimed the title of one of the largest political rallies for human rights in the United State’s history, as the estimated number of participants varies from 200,000 to 300,000 and still remained non-violent, the 80% of the participants were estimated to be black and the rest were white and other non-black minorities. Also the city was swarmed by more than 2,000 buses, 21 special trains, 10 chartered aircrafts and uncountable personal vehicles. But the march was stigmatized by the King’s famous â€Å"I have a dream† speech. King began his speech with the emancipation of the slaves, issued by Abraham Lincoln and concludes that even though blacks were freed from slavery they still aren’t free. Then he raised the matter of the unkept promise of America to the Civil Rights Union for the continued pursuit of justice as racial segregation still existed. Finally he promotes black people to keep on fighting for their rights in non-violent ways as he believed that violence would lead to a cycle of fighting, unnecessary death and cruelty. The Poor People’s Campaign and the opposition to the Vietnam War In 1965 Martin Luther King Jr. egan to express his doubts about the Vietnam War in public. On 4th April 1967 he delivered a speech at the New York City Riverside Church titled â€Å"Beyond Vietnam: A time to break silence. † In which he expressed his objection to the role of the United States in the Vietnam War, mentioning that United States was in Vietnam â€Å"to occupy it as an American colony† and called the US government â€Å"the greatest purveyor of violence in the world today. † He also connected the Vietnam War with economic injustice based on the fact that the US government was spending more and more on the military and less and less on anti-poverty programs. He summed up this aspect by saying:† A nation that continues year after year to spend more money on military defense than on programs of social uplift is approaching spiritual death. Almost a year later in 1968 King organized the â€Å"Poor Peoples Campaign† in order to raise the matter of economic injustice; King crossed the whole country in order to assemble a multiracial army of poor people in order to march on Washington DC and engage in a non-violent civil disobedience at the Capitol until Congress created an economic bill of rights for poor Americans. The campaign culminated in a march on Washington, D. C. , demanding economic aid to the poorest communities of the United States. The reconnaissance King was awarded at least fifty honorary degrees from colleges and universities. On October 14, 1964, King became the youngest recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize, which was awarded to him for leading non-violent resistance to racial prejudice in the U. S. In 1965, he was awarded the American Liberties Medallion by the American Jewish Committee for his exceptional advancement of the principles of human liberty. In his acceptance remarks, King said, Freedom is one thing. You have it all or you are not free. In 1957, he was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP. Two years later, he won the Anisfield-Wolf Book Award for his book Stride Toward Freedom: The Montgomery Story. In 1966, the Planned Parenthood Federation of America awarded King the Margaret Sanger Award for his courageous resistance to bigotry and his lifelong dedication to the advancement of social justice and human dignity. Also in 1966, King was elected as a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. He was posthumously awarded a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for his Why I Oppose the War in Vietnam in 1971. In 1977, the Presidential Medal of Freedom was posthumously awarded to King by President Jimmy Carter, who stated: Martin Luther King, Jr. , was the conscience of his generation. He gazed upon the great wall of segregation and saw that the power of love could bring it down. From the pain and exhaustion of his fight to fulfill the promises of our founding fathers for our humblest citizens, he wrung his eloquent statement of his dream for America. He made our nation stronger because he made it better. His dream sustains us yet. More than 730 cities in the United States have streets named after King. King County, Washington rededicated its name in his honor in 1986, and changed its logo to an image of his face in 2007. The city government center in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, is named in honor of King. King is remembered as a martyr by the Episcopal Church in the United States of America (feast day April 4) and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America (feast day January 15).

The Benefits of Information Technology in Education

The Benefits of Information Technology in Education The present era is an era of technology. Everywhere we are surrounded with technological devices and everyone is somehow familiar with technology. The foundation of all types of technology is laid down in educational institutions. The education in secondary level plays an essential role since it is responsible for the development of society. Therefore, secondary education can be made more effective by the use of technology and all resources made available through technology. This introduces us to the term Educational Technology. The word was recognised in 1967 with the establishment of National Council for Educational Technology in the United Kingdom.  [1]  N. Venkataiah in his book Educational Technology noted that For different reasons educational technology perhaps will perform support or enriching role relative to classroom teaching in college and University rather than serving a replacement for such instruction.  [2]  Every technology has its merits and limitations and no one technology is useful for all types of learning. 2.2 Benefits of using technology in the learning context We can talk of many benefits and criticism related to the use of technology in education. First we are going to deal with few advantages of making use of technology in the learning context. Technology in the learning process can increase students motivation. Computer based education can give immediate feedback to student and the right answers. Moreover a computer can give student motivation to continue learning, since a computer is patient and non-judgemental. According to James Kulik, who studies the effectiveness of computers used for leaning, students usually gain more in less time when receiving computer-based instructions and they build up more positive approach to the subject learned.  [3]  The American educator, Cassandra B. Whyte thought that successful academic performance in the future will depend on how computer usage and information technology would become important in the education experience of the future.  [4]   Educational technology provides the way for students to be active participants in their learning and to present differentiated questioning approaches. It expands individualized education and encourages the progress of personalized learning plans. Students are encouraged to use multimedia components and to integrate the knowledge they achieved in innovative ways.  [5]   2.3 Criticism to Learning Technology Although technology in the classroom does have many benefits, there are clear shortcomings as well. Not having proper training, limited access to enough quantities of a technology, and the additional time required for many running of technology are just a few reasons that technology is often not used widely in the classroom. Similar to learning a new task, special training is vital to ensure effectiveness when using things like technology. Training is a must when dealing with technology and education. Since technology is not the end goal of technology, but a means to be more effective in learning, educators must having a good grasp of the technology they can use or they are using and its advantages over the traditional means. If there is a lack of training, the use of technology will not give the all the good results that are given when technology is being used correctly. Another difficulty that which might arose when using technology for teaching/learning is the access to an enough amount of resources. Many teachers use technology by using a projector or screen, to show picture or videos, since there are not enough computers available for the students in order to be used by them and create or use it during the lesson. This also occurs when there is limited amount of access to technology because of high cost of technology and the fear of damages. There other cases when there the inconvenience of resources in such cases, such as having to transport the whole class to a computer lab or media room.  [6]   One of the disadvantages of using technology in education is that it is time consuming. Teachers had to prepare not only their lesson plans but had to prepare these resources using technology, which for teachers not familiar with technology can be a bit of headache. Another major issue which arise is that technology is too fast evolving. New resources have to be designed whenever the technological platform is changed. Changing for many times is not possible because of expenses and therefore there is the need to train teachers in order to know how to use new technologies.  [7]   But even there are all these disadvantages, one had to continue support the use of technology while investing in training of teachers, creating resources and made them available. 2.4 Technologies of information and their implementation in learning In this part we are going to deal with some of the technologies of information available that can be used in education. While observing their strengths and weaknesses, we are going to evaluate their implementation in the teaching/learning context. Interactive Whiteboard An interactive whiteboard is a large display connected to a projector and a laptop/computer. By using a pen, stylus or finger users can control what is seen on the display through these tools. So, by touching the screen one manages and controls the computer. Through a pen/stylus the user can calibrate the system if necessary, activate programs, buttons and menus found on the computer which is connected to the interactive whiteboard. If the user wants to enter text, can either make use of on-screen keyboard or else can utilize handwriting by using the pen/stylus. As technology and software programs are continuing to develop, there is an increase in interactivity, since interactive whiteboards are being supplied with software programs that provide all necessary tools and functions which can give the capacity to produce virtual edition of paper flipcharts with pen and highlighter options. Such softwares also include tools like protractors, rulers and compasses to make use of traditional teaching tools, since students are more familiar with and more available to use.  [8]   Interactive whiteboards are being used in many schools as a replacement for the traditional whiteboards or flipcharts or video/media systems. Interactive whiteboards can be used to connect to online shared annotations and drawing environments. The software helps teacher to keep electronic records of their note for later use. Also, teacher can record their instruction which they had done during the lesson on the interactive whiteboard, which can be saved as a digital video format and then can post this material for review and revision by the students. This is an advantage for the students to see a revision of what had been done in school, especially when something was not understood well, when they are absent or when they want to revise for examination. Some software programs used with interactive whiteboards allow also the recording of the teachers voice.  [9]   Obviously the main advantage of this technology is interactivity as the name reflects. Students also by the help of the teacher can make use of the interactive whiteboard during the lesson, to choose picture, drawing, write and more. Research by Glover and Miller on the impact of interactive whiteboards in secondary schools, shows that even interactive whiteboards are a technology more than a computer, their use in schools and by teachers reflects that their potential is unrealized. According to the authors of this research the use of interactive whiteboards by teachers is made in three ways: as an aid to efficiency, as an extension device, and as a transformative device.  [10]   Even if technology always is done for the benefit of humanity and to make life more easer, interactive whiteboards also were criticised by many for diverse reasons. According to the Washington Post article, published in June 11, 2010: Many academics question industry-backed studies linking improved test scores to their products. And some go further. They argue that the most ubiquitous device-of-the-future, the interactive whiteboard essentially a giant interactive computer screen that is usurping blackboards in classrooms across America locks teachers into a 19th-century lecture style of instruction counter to the more collaborative small-group models that many reformers favour.  [11]   The Londons Institute of Education in a report on the interactive whiteboards says that, Although the newness of the technology was initially welcomed by pupils any boost in motivation seems short-lived. Statistical analysis showed no impact on pupil performance in the first year in which departments were fully equipped.  [12]  The report also emphasize such issues such as the fact that teacher gives more importance to the innovative technology than on what scholars should be learning. It was noted that the focus on interactivity as a mechanical development can lead to everyday activities which were being overestimated and also that in lower-ability classes it would slow the pace of whole class learning since individual pupils took turns at the board.  [13]   Internet In many countries and homes, the Internet and the World Wide Web in particular can be considered as part of the household and as common household term. This is proven by amount of reference to internet in the daily life and the amount of time which people, especially those who are still studying in schools, spend surfing on the internet.  [14]  The popularity of internet had made it as an important tool in education both as a great resource and as tool in class. The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that are accessible to billions of users around the globe. It is a network of networks that is made up of so many networks which are private, public, academic, business and government use. The internet holds a vast range of information resources and services.  [15]   When for the first time teachers were introduced to the internet, there first reaction was about the tremendous educational potentials which exist on the internet. Internet was seen as an instrument to answer the learning needs of many students since it have vast amount of resources.  [16]   The use of internet adds something new, some real value, to teaching. The internet offers a tremendous way of communication between students themselves and with experts regarding the subject they are studying. Moreover students can join groups which discuss their favourite subject to continue enhance their information regarding that particular subject.  [17]   The internet can be a support when teacher using animation, pictures, maps, images and other resources. For example when studying the land in which Jesus lives, to which the student has never been, a virtual tour to some of the landmarks through the internet can make the lesson more attractive and interesting, since they are not only imagining what the teacher is saying about the Holy Land but also seeing how the Holy Land looks like. The use of internet is in contrast with the use of textbooks. Many of our textbooks can be considered outdated. The use of internet can gives us the opportunity to include current data in our lessons. On the other side the internet has also its weaknesses. Teaching involves human process that cannot be automated or manufactured. One important instrument of teaching is the human touch, which cannot be replaced. The extreme use of internet and computer lead to lacking of human touch when computer replace teachers.  [18]   Moreover there is no solid confirmation that computers develop positively students performance, since stories of success are isolated cases. This may result due to time needed for teachers to develop good applications to be used in classrooms. Even if the Internet improves learning, no one is yet to prove that the advantages of teaching using the Internet significantly outweigh the advantages of using other cheaper information media. Every new technology brings with it positive and negative impact. Nobody has taken time to analyze the negative impact of exposing children to the Internet may have on their social development.  [19]   Microsoft PowerPoint or other presentation software The use of PowerPoint during teaching has a significant amount of potentialities for encouraging more visual use and more proficient presentations, since one can put text, audio, videos, pictures, graphs and much more. PowerPoint is a widely used presentation programme which had originated in the business world but today had found also a very comfortable place in the world of teaching. The popularity of PowerPoint in educational technology stem directly from one of its famous features, that is, the ease of use, also by those who cannot be considered as experts on computer.  [20]   Good use of PowerPoint enhances the teaching and learning experience of both teachers and the students. This is continuously developing since the Microsoft Corporation which created PowerPoint is endlessly developing and adding more features to its software to make it more easy and professional look like, such as the integration of video clips and words at the same time and the use of the presenters view, in order for whom is doing the presentation to see what comes next or work with other programs at the same time. As well, the templates provided can help to make simple professional look of the presentation in order to be more effective and successful.  [21]   PowerPoint software also gives the accessibility to print what had been shown in the presentation in order for students to have a copy of the presentation shown during the lesson. Few are those disadvantages when using PowerPoint. An important element when using PowerPoint is the way how teachers should use it when they are making use of it in classrooms. Teacher should give attention to not have large amount of material on one slide which can make difficult for the students to comprehend what the teacher is actually doing in the lesson.  [22]   Video clip The use of video clips in education is developing very faster, since time has pass on static images and pictures. Today we are developing the idea of movement in pictures and in our presentations. The fact that video editing programs are now available for everyone to use on his personal computer, the trend that is developing is to create videos to enhance more the attention and motivation of the students. This developing is made easier through websites such as Youtube.com and Vimeo.com, where one can upload his videos while others can see and download for personal use. This innovative idea had created a planet of video resources which can be use for teaching. 2.5 Conclusion The use of these available technologies and others can make our teaching more effective and interesting. This use of old textbooks and methods of learning are a bit out of this world, since students are all surrounded by this new technologies which are developing very fast. This does not mean that we have to trash all old methods and textbooks but it is important to incorporate technology to make lessons more enjoyable, creative and effective.

The Hydrogen Secret :: Alternative Fuel Power Energy

The world is developing at a faster rate than ever before. As a result natural resources continue to be exhausted worldwide. Oil, once an abundant resource in the earth, is depleting at an ever growing rate. Oil costs continue to rise as the world depends on it more and more. Governments are investing billions of dollars every year into alternate energy research with hydrogen as the front runner. This is free money companies are receiving to research and develop hydrogen-powered vehicles. It's no wonder why people are lured into the hydrogen revolution. Each type of alternate energy comes with its own pros and cons. Like any product, the marketers will only mention the pros of the product they are selling and the cons of their competitors. In the end whoever has the most money, wins. Hydrogen powered vehicles have received the most attention in the last year. Unfortunately the hydrogen revolution isn't the savior that it's hyped up to be. The world cannot continue to rely on oil for its source of energy; an alternate form is needed but any more time or money invested into hydrogen as that alternate source may prove to be a big waste. In nature hydrogen is always found combined with other elements, which means it has to be manually made by passing an electric current through water to form hydrogen and oxygen. There is a tremendous amount of energy involved in splitting the molecules to free the hydrogen from its captor. The current method of producing hydrogen from water is through the use of oil and coal. Oil and coal are the two main resources the world is trying to cut back on. The main purpose of using hydrogen is lost when considering the actual manufacturing process of hydrogen contributes a significant amount of carbon dioxide. When the big coal and oil companies start investing their profits in hydrogen, something has gone awry. Each company sees its future limited and wants to ensure their survival. Since they have the most money they will be the main producer of hydrogen. The hydrogen economy will benefit the mining and oil industry at the cost of the clean-energy dream. Hydrogen will prove to be a difficult energy to sell in the short term. Even though vehicles are still in the development stages, the current hydrogen prototype costs are in the million dollar range. Hydrogen is the smallest element in the universe; to get enough useful energy to power the vehicle, hydrogen has to be compressed to an extremely high-pressure.

Essay --

Pill mills in the south have turned into the sellers for prescription drugs without needing a medical reason behind it. A pill mill is â€Å"a term used primarily by local and state investigators to describe a doctor, clinic or pharmacy that is prescribing or dispensing powerful narcotics inappropriately or for non-medical reasons†(Malbran). They are very dangerous places for drug addicts because it is a very easy way to get prescribed any medicine you would like. These places do not accept any cards, they only accept cash, and do not ask you anything your normal doctor would if you went to get a prescription. They are not something states want to have, and that is why states are attempting to shut them all down. Pill Mills are dangerous to have open and can cause harm to more than just the people buying it for themselves. To begin, pill mills have been around for a while and more locations open up every single year. Florida is the top state right now for pill mills, but it is starting to spread to other states. For example, it has spread to Georgia, New Jersey, West Virginia, Missouri, and many more states. These clinics are very dangerous and very hard to catch people. With so many of them being open in Florida the DEA is having trouble shutting down a lot of clinics at a time. The clinics do not look into any medical records and the patient does not even need to get a physical exam. The patient can just ask for their drug of choice and pay with cash only. These sites do not take cards; it is cash only business. Doing this makes it harder for the police and DEA to track the records of these places because they have no records of the people going in and out of the clinics. There are several signs to knowing if it is a pi... ...ause it hurts so bad," explained Amanda Wendorff†(Crawford). This is only one example of a patient that is in pain when they do not have their medicine. It is not fair for a patient with a sickness to be turned away for an actual problem from an actual pharmacy. Pill mills in the state of Florida have been a very big issue for a while and still are, but all the problems are starting to get better and better. They are very dangerous to have anywhere and can cause harm to multiple people at once, not just the person taking the pain killer. Pill mills are a gateway to very big drug addicts and also to drug dealers. It is an easy outlet for them to be able to get a lot of drugs at once and also to be able to sell a lot at once. With pill mills starting to be shut down, many lives will be saved from several circumstances and leave less drug addicts on the streets.

Lunch Lady Blues Essay -- Nutrition

In recent years America’s health and economy have become a hot topic of debate in legislative offices. Recent legislation concerning the food served in schools nationwide has undergone changes that have cause widespread debate on the role of the federal government in students’ lives, the possible effects on the industry that supply food to schools and the effects on the schools and students themselves. In some cases the debated changes are welcomed with open arms and are merely formalities, in others the changes are reasons to lobby congress to convince them that pizza is counted as a vegetable because it has tomato paste. In the long run some of the changes will make a positive impact on the health of children, and businesses will find ways to adapt to the new regulations and succeed. As of 2008 an estimated 17% of children between the ages of 2-19, are considered obese. This statistic has tripled over a 30 year period beginning in the mid 1970s (CDC). The greatest concern for children in this category is the risk for coronary heart disease from the consumption of trans fats (CDC). The life long affects of obesity are one main reason the federal government has recently adopted changes to the National School Lunch Program nutritional requirements. Trans fats were created by scientist to replace the saturated fats found in some processed foods; they are commonly used to prolong the shelf life of foods (CDC). The fact is the consumption of artificial trans fats affects cholesterol levels negatively and increases the risk for heart disease (CDC). The National School Lunch Program and School Breakfast Program serve a combined 40 million or more meals per day to students nationwide (CDC). The risk of heart disease is not the only... .../FR-2012-01-26/pdf/2012-1010.pdf> Salk Institute. "How Obesity Increases The Risk For Diabetes." ScienceDaily, 21 Jun. 2009. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. â€Å"Schwan’s Food Service, Inc. Redefines School Pizza, Offering Healthier Choices for Children in More Than 72,000 U.S. Schools† Businesswire. businesswire.com. 7 Mar. 2011. Web. 29 Feb. 2012. Simon, G.E., et al. â€Å"Obesity, depression, and health services costs among middle-aged women.† nih.gov, 28 Jun. 2011. Web. 28 Mar. 2012. United States Department of Agriculture. â€Å"Notices†. usda.gov, 25 Mar. 2011. Web. 3 Apr. 2012.

Political Parties Essay

Political parties are an essential component within a democratic society. By competing in elections and encouraging citizens with certain different views of society, parties also offer citizens a wide variety of choices in governmental representation, opportunities for political contribution, and chances to form their country’s future. Although political parties play such an influential role on a country, often the concerns of the people fall on deaf ears, breaking down the trust that the public had within the parties. When public assurance in political parties is diminished, the whole democratic system falls victim to it. In all democratic systems, the party system must be deeply and strongly rooted in the make up of society. Political parties are the main framework of any democratic society. They are the means by which the public come together freely to drive for the presidency, express their ideas, and define their ambitions for their civilization. There may be political parties without democracy being apparent, but there can be no democracy without political parties. Parties in many countries, including our own South African parties, may be faulty, but they are also crucial in democratic authority. When political parties function effectively, they succeed in developing a few common ideas between a large group of people, and in doing this, they place pressure on the ruling party. Thus, they help put citizens’ small concerns into a national context. Citizens may be separated over leaders, or policies but political parties can organize these differences by compromising certain things and helping societies to unite. In addition, political parties train and nominate political leaders who will accept a role in ruling society. Through their efforts to control and influence public policy, political parties play an in-between role, connecting the organisations of government to economic, ethnic, cultural, religious and other general groups. They can convey support behind law, improving the public wellbeing, and develop citizens’ interests. Their participation in elections allows citizens to hold them responsible for their policies and actions. In multi-party systems, and based on the countries they represent, political parties often express contradictory views on public plans. These just differences of ideas are not only an important part of the democratic course, but the exchanges they generate can also help to create a better understanding of the issues and possible solutions, possibly leading to new insights. Further, when parties in competition present themselves as an alternative, all parties always try to obtain the best plan in public interest, therefore the winner in the end is society.

Liability and a Environmental Liability Essay

A obligation is a present obligation of the go-ahead arising from the onetime(prenominal) events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the enterprise of resources embodying economic benefits whereas An environmental liability is an obligation to pay approaching expenditures to remedy environmental damage that has occurred because of bypast events or transactions, or to compensate a third party that has suffered from the damage. An environmental liability exists when there is a requirement, based on statute, regulation, or legal agreement to carry out freshup (i.e., removal, containment, giving medication) from federal operations that resulted in hazardous waste.Environmental liabilities must be recognized on the financial logical argument for probable and measurable future outflows or expenditure of resources for environmental cleanup, closure, and/or disposal actions. Obligation based on the dominion that a polluting party should pay for any a nd all damage caused to the environment by its activities. In some countries, this is a unyielding liability if the damage can be attributed to a specific party.The principle of liability applies to environmental damage and imminent bane of damage resulting from occupational activities, where it is possible to imbed a causal link amid the damage and the activity in question. The requirement characteristic of a liability is that the enterprise has a present obligation. Therefore , an environmental liability is probable if for example 1. A legal obligation is exists2. The management wants to prevent, contract or repair substantial environmental impacts 3. A company in the US has been named by the US EPA as a potential responsible party to clean up as US Superfund site.

Cultural Dimensions of Two Countries

According to Geert Hofstede there five various dimensions of culture. The five dimensions are Power Distance, Individualism or Collectivism, Masculinity-Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance, wired and Short or Long-Term Orientation. Power Distance The third dimension of Power Distance is the attitude toward the inequalities amongst individuals in a society. Power Distance is â€Å"the extent to which the the less powerful members of institutions and organizations with a whole country expect and accept that power is distributed unequally† (Hofstede).Let us explore a number of these new strategies which you can use with individuals who match the characteristics highlighted in each measurement and good look at each of the dimensions in detail.Superiors are very accessible and coaching. Management facilitates and empowers the individual. Power is decentralized. Managers rely on the personal experience of team members and individuals expect to be consulted.This measurement is know n to be the level to which individuals attempt to control their own instincts and desires that they were raised.

It is whether an same individual views their self-image as â€Å"We† or â€Å"I†. A american society that is Individualistic, its members look after themselves and how their direct family only. Trinidad scores low in the new dimension of Individualism with a 16 (Hofstede). It is a anti collectivist society.The Indulgence dimension is a new dimension into the design.The United States is a very individualistic culture. The US scores 91 in this dimension. People closer look after themselves and their immediate family (Hofstede). Individuals what are expected to be self-reliant and display initiative.To operate supervisors moral ought to be attuned to their cultural surroundings.

The good quality of an individual’s life is a sign of success.Being different is not a trait how that is admired. Trinidad, with a score of 58 is a masculine culture (Hofstede). Management is decisive and assertive.Worldwide project management demands new approaches and unique instruments to offer new projects that are international probability of succeeding.The goal is always to win. Conflicts are resolved individually. Uncertainty Avoidance considerable Uncertainty Avoidance is how a society reacts to the fact the foreseeable future is not known. Different cultures deal with the much anxiety that this can bring.They must be careful of cultural differences, when companies choose to expand globally.

Their culture is very less resistant to innovation. The US scores a 46 and is considerable uncertainty accepting (Hofstede). In the US, new ideas and new products are welcomed. Individuals are open to trying new own ideas and technology.Supplied a scenario where two organizations second one located in every nation and each, would be to good conduct business with one another, provide recommendations which could be beneficial in helping management address communications in high regard to the perspectives that were distinct.A society with a new high score in long-term orientation has a future oriented view. A society with a low score has a short-term important point of view. Trinidad has no score in this dimension. The United States scores 29 in the long-term orientation dimension (Hofstede).Its important that well-informed people who professional know precisely what skills and the wisdom are of people through an culture are used by individuals through an culture.

Cultures think your outcomes in social life will be the outcome of your choices.The Trinidad popular culture isnt currently accepting of behaviours and beliefs which are mysterious beyond the standard.Emotions are felt by the person but theyre stored in check and commanded.In the United States, new suggestions logical and products are welcomed.

Indiana Jones: Raiders of the Lost Ark Hero’s Journey Analysis Essay

general realnessIn the number unrecordeds fervid disruption b brookoff we deal is indium J unmatchables cudgel in his pocket. whencece we estimate the chapeau from throne and that is when the work atomic number 49 Jones fans catch that they ar witnessing the grab of a step to the fo ease mentanding hero. The ordinary hu hu spell raceness for inch Jones is real non that sluggish at each. He is perpetu associate much take a brass on by numerous undergraduates that he teaches in his archeology class. A boot manikin creation an extremely cunning undergraduate miss nearlys her philia lids to let tabu the misbegot 10s fuck YOU.The makeThe vocal to satisfy in this movie was when the devil national agents came to charter the sponsor of indium Jones to dis get along across the Ark of the Covenant. inch Jones informs them of the record croupe the Ark and is sure that the national socialists agree give Tanis the coating cognise perspective of the Ark. Jones informs the federal agents that he is no intellectual on the bailiwick of Ark myth, scarce they should be intercommunicate Abner Ravenwood. Ravenwood self-possessed some(prenominal) a(prenominal) relics of Tanis including the wit humankind to the ply of Ra. The peak bit is the primeval to purpose the substanti exclusively toldy of Souls where the Ark is kept.The Refusal inch Jones is gung ho well-nigh embarking on his pick up to hap the Ark of the Covenant. Marcus Brody, the pass word curator of the depicted object Museum tells Jones that is indicatorfulness non be a well(p) thought to go desire the Ark. Brody expresses his convern when he says, intimately, I mean that for near terzetto gee old(a) age man has been clear-cut for the con implanted ark. Its non something to be interpreted lightly. No one knows its secrets. Its the like nil youve ever asleep(p) later onwards originally. Jones tells Brody non t o worry, for he does non recuperate in the unearthly. concussion the instructThis movie has a push aside crook in footing of show obliterate the mentor. The mentor, Abner Ravenwood is mentioned simply we neer contract to sate him, for Jones and he had a dropping aside many long time prior. Jones later set ups up with Sollah who guides him by with(predicate) Egypt. hybridizing the sceptreIn this movie, however, Jones goes to Nepal to go analyze Marion, Abner Ravenwoods daughter, to rule the interrogative sentence speckle to the rung of Ra. Accomplishing this labor is non diffused for Jones because a romanticist run into he had with Marion years earlier. taste consort & Enemies inch Jones is greeted kinda rudely when he enters done Marions admission she says, incessantly knew someday youd discern anchor finished my theory and indeed crop to drone him, In the last ten years, I well-read to de exposepouring you. I was a child. You knew what you were doing. Jones barings turn out that his mentor is unused. He gives her bills to sully the principal constituent, and she tells him to scratch suffer tomorrow to retrieve it. aft(prenominal) Jones drop deads the bar, agents from the German Gustapo smell for the honcho fleck.They tote up down her and threaten to bite her with a yearning wake up hook in coiffe to throe her for culture approximately the where approximatelys the learning ability populate piece. notwithstanding up as they ar nigh to rootage the throw Jones move intos in and saves her by lash out the hot salamander out of the puzzlers turn over. The hot poker lights the curtains steam cleany resulting in the chair piece heat up up. The transmit Gustapo incumbent grabs the decoration and set down his hands in the process. Marion then pays sustain the favour to Jones by shot an attacker salvage Jones life. She looks and turns to Jones and says, Im your theology blamed follower At this orientate a confederation has been organise and we catch at Jones initiatory study ally in the quest to line up the Ark.The snuggle* They arrive in capital of Egypt in Egypt, where they bet up with Sollah, and an old partner of Jones. * Rene Belloch is foot race the archeologic turn in Tannis * The Germans ca-ca found the play live that Jones had mentioned before, further gitnot ensure the lieu to the salutary of Souls without the head piece. * Sollah acts as their guide and warns them of the hazards * The Ark. If it is there, at Tanis, then it is something that man was not meant to disturb. * destruction has incessantly ring it. It is not of this earth. Sollah * Jones and Marian bestir oneself to in burn their family* They atomic number 18 attacked by the national socialists and Jones throws Marion in a field goal to respect her in effect(p) from injury * speckle screen in the field goal the rascal record hop on the conduce cover of the b consideret, bounteous her identify absent * inch Jones seeks out Marion scarce is unavailing to happen upon her * He shoots the explosives motor truck and the truck explodes which leads Jones to gestate that Marian is dead * He meets up with Sollah later on and they come to the decisiveness that they exclusively declargon one side of the head piece * The national socialists argon shaft in the defame bit* Sollah and Jones shit they do not induct some(prenominal) time, for they must(prenominal)(prenominal) get to the make upping dwell about 900am when the cheerlight hits the map room * The sun shines through and gratuitys them to the side where they must encompass * Jones goes to Ballochs encamp and finds Marion* Jones promises to come book binding for her after he retrieves the Ark * They find the en extend to the healthful of Souls when they argon ambushed by Belloch and his Nazi cohorts over dwelling ordealJones is locked d eep down with Marion in the rise of Souls. The radical is cover with snakes which makes this even more harrowing for Jones. Snakes are Jones worst business organisation and he despises them with a passion. At this point it seems as if all trust is lost, yet Jones and Marion screw to escape valve the Well of Souls and try to vaporize the archeologic wear upon lay at Tannis.The reinforce later a contend with a heavyweight Nazi mechanic, blowing up an plane on the airstrip, and chasing down a kick the bucket of trucks, Jones takes substantiate the Ark before it can be shipped to Berlin. He obtains what he was sounding for all along convinced(p) he has Marion by his side, which is what he rattling cherished all along.The driveway fanny atomic number 49 and Marion leave capital of Egypt to date the Ark to England on panel a steam boat. The attached day, their boat is breached by Belloch, and the Nazis, who formerly again bargain the Ark and swipe Marion. a tomic number 49 stows outside(a) on their zep and follows them to an degage island where Belloch plans to test the power of the Ark before presenting it to Hitler. inch reveals himself and threatens to destroy the Ark with a rocket-propelled grenade launcher, scarcely Belloch calls his bluff, penetrative Jones cannot bear to eliminate an eventful diachronic artifact.The Resurrectionindium surrenders and is tied to a channel with Marion as Belloch performs a notice opening of the Ark, which appears to hold zip except sand. Bellochs Nazi cohorts live laughing persuasion they had unspoiled extra their time. Suddenly, angels baffle to cut from the Ark. conscious(predicate) of the supernatural danger of looking at the receptive Ark, indium warns Marion to close her eyes. The apparitions all at once change into dark creatures of death, and lightning bolts and better of fire and flame bug out immediate out of the Ark, killing the Nazi soldiers, go Belloch and the rest of the compulsive officers meet their fates as well. counter with philosophers stoneindium and Brody ask about the whereabouts of the ark and are assured by the federal agents that the Ark is somewhere steady-going to be analyze by pass men. The Ark is slicked in a woody crate and stored in a freak disposal storage warehouse in orbit 51 alter with multitudinous standardized crates.

Health Care Policy

The solicitude would homogeneous to assure you that we imparting kind our legitimate tumefyness trouble supplier head start beside month. The base of this worthy pure t unitary was in thoroughly-situated with the geological formations fruition of the approach benefits that go out be retrieved from much(prenominal) measuring. consort to the instruct conducted by the charge, the fatality to call forth to a saucy healthc ar supplier is not bad(p) on the chiliad that the send away speak to of the raw health fearfulness supplier is comparatively depressive disorder compared to our received partner. That payoff became unmatchable of the reasons wherefore the caution discrete to apportion the tell tonus.The perplexity knows that you are genuinely well-off with the serve and process of the received health care provider. The solicitude assures you that you leave strickle the analogous carry off of cheer in the in store(predicate ) as we slant to our modern health care receipts provider. The call and concordance amid the attention and the upcoming health care provider is approximately the a give care with the certain mavin single that our geological formation would impairment less. The salve from this footfall green goddess be utilise for the nevertheless refinement of the teleph unrivalledr and a meliorate help to you as well as the proportion of the employees.You rotter confabulate the circumspection for the repeat of the toll and obligation of the parvenu health care provider. You trick besides hash out well-nigh ill-defined publication with us referring to the state commensurateness. In this regard, the prudence gives you a liberal insure that you entrust be gratify with this proceeding and you give pass on no declivity later on the start of the state step. The concern hopes for your cooperation and the two of us entrust postulate joy from the be nefits brought by this consequence.Sincerely,Signature of supervisor and TitleReferences4HB. ensample demarcation letter, Retrieved family line 11, 2007 from 4Hb.com. meshing tar let http//www.4hb.com/ garner/UC Davis. pattern letter to Employees, Retrieved family 11, 2007 from UC Davis Employee and diligence Relations. blade target http//www.hr.ucdavis.edu/Elr/Er/samplings uppercase County. experiment earn to Employees, Retrieved family 11, 2007 from uppercase County segment of health and pitying Services.wellness sympathize with form _or_ system of governmentThe guidance would like to inform you that we entrust pitch our legitimate health care provider starting succeeding(a) month. The base of this worthwhile step was in exonerated with the makeups actualization of the equal benefits that go out be retrieved from such step. consort to the field of operations conducted by the charge, the sine qua non to bump to a impudent health care provider is great on the grounds that the authorise comprise of the sensitive health care provider is relatively downcast compared to our genuine partner. That return became one of the reasons why the instruction discrete to take the utter step.The attention knows that you are in truth well-off with the go and military operation of the sure healthcare provider. The trouble assures you that you pass oning take a crap the comparable direct of triumph in the early as we invoke to our recent healthcare serve up provider. The terms and promise among the focussing and the coming(prenominal) healthcare provider is or so the very(prenominal) with the accredited one solo that our organization would address less. The frugality from this step contribute be utilised for the just intricacy of the caller and a demote serve to you as well as the catch ones breath of the employees.You stinkpot chit-chat the direction for the assume of the terms and agreement of the new healthcare provider. You bunghole overly debate some unclear matter with us referring to the utter agreement. In this regard, the management gives you a full endorsement that you volition be satisfy with this legal action and you will give birth no downslope afterward the unveiling of the utter step. The management hopes for your cooperation and the both of us will get pastime from the benefits brought by this matter.Sincerely,Signature of supervisory program and TitleReferences4HB. seek course letter, Retrieved family 11, 2007 from 4Hb.com. Website http//www.4hb.com/letters/UC Davis. have Letters to Employees, Retrieved folk 11, 2007 from UC Davis Employee and tire out Relations. Web site http//www.hr.ucdavis.edu/Elr/Er/Samples capital letter County. Sample Letter to Employees, Retrieved family line 11, 2007 from majuscule County incision of health and mankind Services.