Fiction Essay: A Good Man Is Hard To Find Essay

The choices that we make determine who we truly are. The immense pressure of certain situations in which we are faced will ultimately differentiate the type person that we think we are, from the kind of person that we actually are. In the short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find â€Å"Author Flannery O’Connor tells a story about a family that includes a Grandmother and her superficial beliefs. The family ultimately crosses paths with â€Å"The Misfit† that is on the loose, who represents the total opposite of what the grandmother is perceived to be. O’Conner uses the characterization of both the Misfit and the grandmother throughout the plot in order to reveal the theme of this piece which is achieved when the grandmother is finally brought to grace. In the start of the piece O’Conner brings the reader into a conversation that is taking place between the grandmother and her only son Bailey. The family is planning a trip to Florida in which the Grandmother is strongly opposed. She attempts to find every reason that she can possibly come up with to convince her son to change the destination of the trip from Florida to Tennessee. Throughout the story the grandmother gives the impression that she is a figure of grace, dignity and prestige. Although she did not want to attend the trip she is the first person in the car the next morning, ready to go. She is dressed very carefully because she sees herself as lady who is very polite and astute and she must be seen by others in the same manner. She also takes advantage of every opportunity to correct her grandchildren when making remarks that are less than courteous. When the children see the black child sitting on the porch they begin to giggle, she quickly reminds them that â€Å"black children in the country don’t have the things we do†. She tries to teach the children to respect the land in their native state of Georgia when the children try to throw trash out the window of the car and June Star makes the comment that Tennessee is â€Å"a hillbilly dumping ground and Georgia is a lousy state too. †The grandmother again hisses at June Star when she makes the impolite statement that â€Å"I wouldn’t live in a broken down place like this for a million bucks†. One of the ways that O’Conner characterized the grandmother is being manipulative. Knowing what to do and say in order for her to achieve whatever it was that she wanted. An example of this being true is by her sneaking the cat into the car against her son’s wishes. Another is after the family had left The Tower and she manipulated the children into believing that the house she wanted to visit had a secret a panel. After getting the children riled up about the secret panel they nagged until Bailey finally had no choice to but to turn around and go down the deserted dirt road. After traveling down this dirt road a while the grandmother realizes that the house that she remembered was in Tennessee. As she comes to this realization the cat springs out and frightens Bailey and he drives the car over the embankment. The grandmother hopes that she is injured so that her son will have sympathy for her and she would not have to reveal her mistaking the location of the house. O’Conner has used the characterization of the grandmother and her family as well as the plot to this point in order to give an account of what type of person the grandmother is based off her actions. A man with two others arrived in a car and they got out and to help the family. The grandmother reveals that the man is â€Å"The Misfit† that she had seen in the newspaper. It seems as if the misfit’s attention had suddenly reverted from assisting the family to now killing the family based on her recognition of him. The Misfit has Hiram and Bobby Lee to take Bailey and John Wesley out to the woods first because they could be the most troublesome of the bunch. Shortly after, they take the mother and her baby into the woods and June star takes Bobby Lee’s hand and follows. As stated in Flannery O’Connor’s â€Å"Spoiled Prophet† written by T. W. Hendricks, â€Å"the family members enter the fatal woods without resisting†. This is said to be because they are accustomed to doing what is expected of them. They are not capable of acting on their own interest because none of them truly know who they are. The only exception to this being the grandmother who is considered to be a round character whose personality has been fully developed throughout the story. While Bobby Lee and Hiram are in the process of murdering the rest of her family she is pleading with the Misfit to spare her life. He rejects all of her attempts to talk him out of his murderous intentions. The story then goes on to the duel, what O’Conner considers to be the theme of the story. This conflict is between the grandmother’s belief that she is morally superior to everyone, and the misfits close examination of his life as well as his self awareness that he is not a good man. This critical part of the story takes place during the dialogue that ensues between the misfit and the grandmother. The grandmother insists that the misfit is too good a man to shoot a lady. With this attempt to save her own life she is appealing the decency of the man. The grandmother tells his that â€Å"I know you must come from nice people. † He says that he does come from the finest people in the world, but the he is not a good man. The grandmother begins to lose her voice as she realizes that her son and grandson were killed and that her daughter in law as well the rest of her grandchildren were about to be killed, and that she would soon follow. The misfit goes on to explain to the grandmother that Jesus has thrown everything off balance. He compared himself to Jesus in the sense that he had been punished but hadn’t committed any crimes. The Fact that Jesus was also able to know what he was being punished for ate at him because he had no idea what he was being punished for. He had come to the conclusion that the punishments that he had gone through did not fit the crime that he was accused of. The grandmother repeatedly urged the Misfit to pray. Praying would not help the misfit because he doesn’t see what he has done as being a sin. The misfit believes that there is no hope for a good life in this world or any hope for bliss in the next life. He says that â€Å"it’s nothing for you to do but enjoy the few minutes you got left the best way you can—by killing somebody or burning down his house or doing some other meanness to him. † This is considered to be the Misfit’s motivation for him committing these murders. The grandmother see’s something in the Misfit that makes him like one of her own children, one of her sheep that have only strayed off course. The grandmother reaches out to touch the misfit both spiritually and physically but instead of breaking down, the misfit jumps back and fire 3 shots into her chest. O’Conner intended for the grandmothers last moments to be led by grace. In the end she was personally connected with the misfit and genuinely concerned about him as a person. It is this connection to being compared to a child that the misfit takes issue with. He mistakes her gesture for a form of belittlement. In the short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard To Find† the characters, characterization of the characters, the occurrences throughout the plot as well as the conflict are all literary elements critical to reaching the final â€Å"coming to grace† theme of the story.

Case Study Cultural Considerations of Shanghai Disneyland Essay

Shanghai Disneyland resort opening 2015 will have the biggest and tallest Cinderella castle in the world. The key players are the Chinese government, Disney, Shanghai Shendi Group and Mike Crawford, with the key event being the Chinese governments approval in 2009. The political, social considerations, education and economic environments are then explained. The context approach and dimensional approach are used to discuss the cultural considerations. The case will go on to discuss that while there are no current implications affecting the domestic and international business, it will tell of how Disney will benefit the Chinese economy, through growth in income, employment etc. It is recommended that Disney improve the cultural considerations through character costumes, food and by broadening their target market. The essay will look at the case of Shanghai Disneyland and discuss key players. Events and discuss case context through an international context. It will continue to determine the case issues and the relevant theories used to develop solutions to understanding the cross-cultural understandings of culture. The essay will then show the implementations that domestic and international businesses face that operate within the theme park industry, and give recommendations to improve the cross-cultural understandings. The Article looks at Disneyland opening in Shanghai in 2015 thanks to the Chinese governments approval on November 4, 2009 (Rapoza, 2013). The resort will compromise of two Disney hotels, 46,000 square meters for retail, dinning, entertainment venues, recreational facilities, a lake, parking and transport hubs (Rapoza, 2013). Shanghai Disney will have the biggest and tallest Cinderella’s castle in the world, will be interactive and called the Enchanted Storybook castle (Rapoza, 2013). Shanghai Disney sits on nearly 1,00 acres, and is three times bigger than Hong Kong Disney (Rapoza, 2013). The resort is budgeted at 24.5 billion Yuan ($3.7 billion) for the theme park and an additional 4.5 billion Yuan ($700 million) to build hotels and restaurant venues (Rapoza, 2013). Disney itself will own 43% of the property while the Shanghai Shendi Group will own the remaining 57% (Rapoza, 2013). Mike Crawford, Disney’s general manger states that ‘We are excited to see the resort development move into an intensive phase of construction’ and ‘We look forward to providing more updates in the future, as we reach key milestones’ (Rapoza, 2013). Key players in the case are the Chinese government, who hope to improve the local economy. The Shanghai Shendi Group, Disney and Mike Crawford are excited to reach key milestones towards the opening of Shanghai Disneyland. Disney have used various initiatives to lead to the approval of Shanghai Disneyland, included are television, motion pictures and consumer products (Yang, 2012). Key events started with the Chinese government’s approval for Disneyland to be China’s first mainland resort on November 4, 2009 (Rapoza, 2013). Hong Kong Disneyland then recorded profits of $14.1 million (Rapoza, 2013). Shanghai Disney has revealed that there will also be two themed hotels, with the grand opening late 2015 (Rapoza, 2013). In understanding culture it is imperative to understand the control of political, economic, educational and social variables (Kelley & Worthley, 1981). In China, political environments of both domestic and international companies operate under government control (Zhu & Xu, 2010). The Chinese government has been in talks with Disney for more than ten years, and has kept smooth communication (Zhu & Xu, 2010). It is important for Disney to have good relationship with the Chinese government as they share ownership of Shanghai Disneyland (Zhu & Xu, 2010). Due to China still being a developing country, Shanghai Disneyland has had to set a much lower entrance fee to catch more Chinese consumers (Zhu & Xu, 2010). Social considerations that Shanghai Disneyland has had to face are their main target group. Disneyland’s main target are children, in China however, children are expected to succeed academically before socially (Zhu & Xu, 2010). Most people in China do not speak English, and so Disney opened a chain of language schools in Shanghai, with the goal to teach children to speak English, Disney is also employing English and Chinese communicators (Brooks, 2009). High context cultures and low context cultures are used in understanding cross-cultural considerations, and can often lead to unintentional problems I the workplace and negotiations in governments (Beamer &Varner, 2011, p. 102). In a high context culture such as China, communication relies heavily on unspoken conditions or assumptions, whereas in a low context culture such as America (Disney), communication is usually taken at face value however, the context approach only represents one dimension (Peng, 2013, p. 37). However Hofstede’s dimensions of culture represent several dimensions and is far more influential and consists of long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance, masculinity and femininity, individualism and collectivism and power distance (Peng, 2013, p. 37). Individualism and collectivism have impacted the case, due to Disney coming from an American/western culture, which is vast on individualism, and the Chinese being collectivists. Individualism values individual achievements, failures and rights over the collective (Beamer &Varner, 2011, p. 43). Collectivism values the group above the individual needs or rights (Beamer &Varner, 2011, p. 43). Disney was able to understand this particular issue and took advantage to use local companies instead of American resources to help build the technological environment and will help improve their reputation (Zhu & Xu, 2010). While there are no implications yet for domestic business in china, the Shanghai Disney project has already attracted many industries and corporations, including culture industries, restaurants, hotels and content production industries (Crawford, 2010, p.13). With a 330million target market population within a 3hour drive or train ride, and recent transportation investments will make Shanghai accessible by key provinces to Disneyland, which will all become a catalyst for growth (Crawford, 2010, p.13). This will generate income, employment, investment and infrastructure developments that can be leveraged by other industries (Crawford, 2010, p.4-20) There are no implications yet affecting international business in China. Shanghai will become a major destination for business travel with the opening of Disneyland in 2015 and for many state-owned enterprises establishing headquarters in the city (Jian, 2013). Shanghai has 230 international direct flights and all the worlds major hotel groups have hotels in the city to meet the business traveller demand (Jian, 2013). Through looking above it is shown that Shanghai Disneyland will improve the Chinese economy, and build growth towards their tourism industry in both domestic and international businesses. It is recommended that for Shanghai Disney to improve cultural perspectives, they should dress Disney characters in the Chinese Tang costume, and the food served to be Chinese-American. Disney would also need to adjust their main target in China, as students are more academically inclined and could therefore prepare for young couples and young families.

Financial Management: Definitions Essay

Define the following terms using your text or other resources. Cite all resources consistent with APA guidelines. Term Definition Resource you used Time value of money Explaind how a dollar received today, other things being  the same, is worth more than a dollar received a year from now. Efficient market efficient market is a market in which all the available information is fully incorporated into securities prices, and the returns investors will earn on their investments cannot be predicted. Primary versus secondary market A primary market is a market in  which new, as opposed to previously issued, securities are bought and sold for the first time. The secondary market is where all subsequent trading of previously issued securities takes place. Risk-return tradeoff investment opportunities  that have different risks and different expected rates of return that reflect those risks. Agency (principal and agent problems) The conflict of interest between the firm’s managers and its stockholders is called a principal-agent problem, or agency problem, in which the firm’s common stockholders, the owners of the firm, are the principals in the relationship, and the managers act as â€Å"agents† to these owners. Market information and security prices and information asymmetry. Through Market information you can know the prices of the different commodities in the market, the supply and the demand situation. Agile and lean principles  to be responsive to changing needs. Previous teachings Return on investment A performance measure used to evaluate the efficiency of an investment or to compare the efficiency of a number of different investments. Cash flow and a source of value Cash flow is a revenue or expense stream that changes a cash account over a given period. A source of value is a source of worth, merit or importaince Project management The planning and organization of an organization’s resources in order to move a specific task, event or duty toward completion. Outsourcing and offshoring Offshoring means getting work done in a different country. Outsourcing refers to contracting work out to an external organization. http://www.diffen.com/difference/Offshoring_vs_Outsourcing Inventory turnover A ratio showing how many times a company’s inventory is sold and replaced over a period Investopedia Just-in-time inventory (JIT) Just in time (JIT) inventory is a management system in which materials or products are produced or acquired only as demand requires http://smallbusiness.chron.com/just-time-inventory-definition-23475.html Vender managed inventory (VMI) A means of optimizing Supply Chain performance in which the manufacturer is responsible for maintaining the distributor’s inventory levels. http://www.vendormanagedinventory.com/definition.php Forecasting and demand management Demand management and forecasting is recognizing all demand for goods and services to support the marketplace. Demand is prioritized when supply is lacking. http://www.apics.org/industry-content-research/publications/ombok/apics-ombok-framework-table-of-contents/apics-ombok-framework-5.4

Evidence Based Strategy Plan Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Evidence Based Strategy Plan - Assignment Example For the purpose of this evidence based strategy plan, the instructional area that has been identified is classroom behavior. It should be noted that the broader range of skills that are practiced every day in the classroom setting substitutes social behavior as the final assessment tool. Classroom behavior plays a significant role in allowing peers to come across social values as well as way of communication. It is often noted that some students undergo difficulties in displaying a positive and constructive classroom behavior. Therefore, it becomes the responsibility of a teacher to undertake reinforcement in such a manner that it allows students to easily overcome the difficulty of social activities. It should be noted that the classroom management involves a great deal management skills and techniques that would yield effective results. Herein, the instructional area that has been selected for the purpose of coming up with an evidence based research strategy is classroom behavior. The technique to be used is token economy. It is evident that token economy has proven a very effective way to come up with an effective way to focus on respective instructional areas. Talking about the behavioral area, classroom behavior, it is expected that the implementation of the token economy will render many positive results (Kazdin, 2012). A number of researches have conducted a thorough evaluation of the strategy of token economy. The strategy is based upon the learning framework of operant learning theory. According to the framework, it is stated that the rewards and punishment system is more likely to impact the behavior of students and overall process of learning. It is stated that the usage of tokens is undertaken to allow the students to get desired thing. It could be either a material or points for academic excellence. There are many symbols that are settled down

Transformational Leadership Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Transformational Leadership - Movie Review Example Some of these leaders and their leadership styles have proved effective in attaining the various group or family objectives while others have failed to yield any positive result. Event organizers and musicians Woodstock begins with the music festival organizing team preparing the stage and venue of the festival. Under good leadership, the team seems to be enjoying carrying out their assigned duties for the benefit of the whole group. The union of the team is remarkable, perhaps a portrayal of the good transformational leadership traits displayed by the leader. Furthermore, good leadership among the event organizers is also evident when they remain with the organizers as it begins to rain. This is a critical element especially, when the main intention of the festival was to entertain. The move by the organizers and performers to remain behind with the revelers as it began to rain, could be deemed as a positive step that significantly reduced sudden commotions that could possible cause a stampede leading to death or injuries of those in attendance. They courageously and calmly steer the crowd away from acts that could cause accidents such as leaning on the towers and the stage. Subsequently, the event manager provides idealized influence on the crowd by assuring everyone to remain calm amid the confusion as a result of the sudden storm. Similarly, he calmly leads the stewards in covering the equipment and disconnecting electrical equipment. The event organizer also demonstrates a considerable degree of intellectual simulation, an important aspect of transformational leadership (Lang, 2011). He quickly initiates a means of helping the crowd to persevere the heavy rains by initiating a random song. The musicians and music bands also form another important group that displays transformational leadership styles and abilities. Cohesion is critical for a music band performance particularly in the quest to reach out to the huge crowd that had gathered at the festival. I n most of the music groups that participated, there seemed to be a group leader that organized the group into the respective instrument players in creating harmony and entertaining. Without transformational leadership, it would seem rather difficult to organize each of the participants in the groups. This type of transformational leadership is deemed as overt owing to the fact that each member of the music groups has almost equal roles to play. As transformational leaders, the musician and the event organizers remain as a unit of genuine followers and do not in any way use exploitative or manipulative behavior to get what they believe they deserve. At the same, they also display some emotional connection with their followers, which is created through respect for individual desires of their followers. The musicians, who are transformational leaders, further enhance the emotional connection with their followers by encouraging them to experience their own worth by singing along. In an organization point of view, this can be regarded as a way of encouraging followers to utilize their own skills and deploy their cognitive abilities to transform themselves and an organization (Lang, 2011). The connection between the musicians and their followers, just like the connection between a transformational leader and his followers in an organization, is evident in the manner in which the followers admire ad identify with them and want to imitate them. Irrespective of the deviant

The Cost of Something Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Cost of Something - Essay Example I guess there’s more to gain. According to swlearning.com, decision-makers have to consider both the obvious and implicit costs of their actions. Based on Merriam-webster.com, obvious means seen, on the other hand, the word implicit signifies unexpressed idea but has the capability of being understood. Firstly, to have a better picture of it, $75 economic profit that I supposed to receive from watching the Hot Stuff’s concert is the obvious cost of my decision. On the contrary, the fuel and energy that I will save, plus the extra time I can go back to my lessons for the exam the following day are the implicit costs of a wrong decision. So, watching the Good Times Band give me a sigh of relief, there’s no more thinking of driving a long way home and I won’t cram anymore for a last-minute scanning of notes. Anyway, decisions like this are not an easy task as always. Without examining the cost, or without understanding the concept of economics by Gregory Mankiw, I might have chosen the Hut Stuff band because I value it higher than the other one. Simply analyzed, Hut Stuff is my favorite, but they are rather both the best bands. Consumers and decision-makers must be aware of the â€Å"seen† and â€Å"unexpressed† costs of their actions economically. What would be more than $75 gain? Or is it a gain or loss? Well, one can only tell if the unexpressed cost is disclosed. The latter has been defined as capable of being understood, although it’s hidden but it can be recognized in the point of making decisions. One must not be a genius of arithmetic, solving the costs entails the basic math equation which are addition and subtraction, together with the right estimates of value of the implied benefits. How can I value the fuel or the fare? Well, it’s getting obvious by now. How much is the gasoline right now? Or how much is the bus fare? How about the energy I can save for not spending much of it for a long drive or trip? What is the value of getting a good

Business pychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Business pychology - Essay Example As businesses try and become more competitive, the human asset behaviour within the business enterprise has become more and more relevant and hence a greater reliance on business psychology. Motivating and retaining this asset has always been a challenge to any business enterprise and this has called for an increased understanding of what causes individuals to be more effective at work. While efficient business organizations have looked at finding both the right person for a job function and the right job function for an individual, making them satisfied at work or providing job satisfaction is a factor that has increased in importance with the enhanced requirement for business organizations to become more competitive for survival in the modern era. Providing a definition for job satisfaction is not an easy task as there are several factors or experiences and the responses to them that make up total job satisfaction and some of these include satisfaction of the remuneration received, career prospects, satisfactory supervision, satisfaction in the environment and satisfaction in the job functions and responsibilities. The definition provided by Balzar et al, 1997 gives an adequate definition for job satisfaction. As per Balzar et al, 1997 job satisfaction is â€Å"the feelings a worker has about his or her job experiences in relation to previous experiences, current expectations, or available alternatives†. There are three factors that have given prominence to the job satisfaction and the study of job satisfaction. These three factors are humanitarian concerns, economic concerns and theoretic concerns. The presence of humanitarian concerns comes from the ethical beliefs of many managers in the business environment that employees require an acceptable, agreeable and pleasant work environment. The economic aspects lie in the very reasons for the existence of the business organization and that is the increased performance that job satisfaction provides increases the

Leadership Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership - Research Paper Example The point stated in the second article is about emphasizing the detrimental impacts of organized criminals, hacktivists, industrial spies and foreign governments by which they take inappropriate advantage of a cyber environment. Concerning this, 25 associations and the Edison Electric Institute signed a letter to the House leadership voicing out their concerns on the associated principles and opportunities on the topic of cybersecurity and industry (Cyber Principles, 2012). Their voices have become crucial to Senate’s decision for passing legislation on the Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act. They also have remarkable point by simply trying to convince the Congress with appropriate information favoring on their part and that would meet the need of private economic sectors. This could then point to clear justification of the right legislation and appropriate response from the criminal justice sector. The third article involves discussion of some â€Å"tips for integ rating military intelligence and information for US military commanders as of early 2012† (Flynn & Flynn, 2012, p.4). There are ten points discussed in the article including construction of fusion cells, quality of leadership of military ranks and the synchronization of intelligence and information. ... The three articles provide information that at some point would pave the way for understanding how the criminal justice agencies address modern crimes associated with the advancement of technology or communications technologies. It is clear that many have changed how criminal groups operate from the past compared at present. Now, it is a challenge on the part of the criminal justice agencies to initiate effective and efficient move in order to cope with these various changes. According to Kotter (1998), leadership is about coping with change and it significantly complements with management that also tries to cope with complexity. By this, he does not exclude the idea that leadership in today’s modern world should also try to address faster technological change. Faster technological change based on the above summaries of three articles has become gateway to modern formation of various criminal acts. The chosen three articles could substantiate this point. The first article simp ly tries to expound the challenge of criminal justice agencies to fight prevailing problem associated with cyber sex and child sexual exploitation with the aid of internet. Aside from this, based on the second article, industry and business sectors are also in danger of shaking off their privacy and some potential economic harm that organized criminals, hackers, industrial spies and other modern criminal groups would throw in. In addition, modern terroristic groups have relied on up-to-date technologies. By this, the criminal justice system should also not rely on hopelessly outmoded technologies in generating intelligence and other related information linked with highly established criminal crime groups. Thus, the point of the authors in the third article

Different types of camps that the Nazi used and their purposes Essay

Different types of camps that the Nazi used and their purposes - Essay Example Thus, the Nazi’s established concentration camps in 1933 for terrorizing the Jewish communities1. During the period of 1933 and 1945, nearly 20,000 camps were built for the purpose of serving various functions. In order to effectively identify them, different names were given, such as labor camps or Arbeitslager, prison-of-war camps or Kriegsgefangenlager, transit camps or Durchgangslager, concentration camps or Konzentrationslager along with killing and death camps often referred as extermination or Vernichutungslager2. Initially the camps were built to hold political prisoners but following the World War II, the concentration camps were expanded and transformed with the intention to capture nonpolitical prisoners who were exploited by the Nazi’s through forced labor. The prisoners were literally ill treated and left to die because of the terrible living conditions. The use of concentration camps can be distinctly divided into three different periods, namely, 1933-1936 , 1936-1942 and 1942-1945. The first period saw the emergence of Adolf Hitler when the camps were primarily used for detaining political adversaries who opposed the Nazi government. Within a span of few months approximately 27,000 people were detained citing the reason of ‘protective custody’. The second period marked the emergence of World War II and the Nazi’s used these camps for forced labor. Throughout the entire period the inmates were treated as labors and were forcefully made to work for the Nazi’s. The last period i.e. during the late period of 1941 these camps were transformed into death camps where innumerable people belonging to the Soviet Union were tortured and murdered brutally3. Different Types and Purposes of the Camps Forced Labor Camps In September 1939, German’s invaded Poland following which numerous prisoners of war were confined and detained in these camps. The extreme living conditions forced these prisoners to die out of exh austion, starvation and torturous treatment. The prisoners were provided with improper facilities and during the winters they were compelled to stay without any clothes, proper nourishment and food. In these tough conditions the prisoners were forcefully required to perform various labor related works for the government agencies. The sophisticated males of Jewish were forced to live in ‘Ghetos’ and work in the plants that manufactured weapons used in wars. The Jews had no other choice than to work as it was the only possible way to survive in the shackles of the Nazi’s. The physically unfit Jews who were unable to work were shot and killed. In addition, the Nazis introduced a policy named ‘annihilation’ in which few types of prisoners were made to work, till death. They were purposely assigned works, the circumstances of which were bound to make them sick and die due to illness. For instance, at the Mauthausen concentration camp, the prisoners were a sked to carry boulders and run 186 steps which were made up of stone extracts every day until they fell sick and died4. In the year 1941, the Germans invaded Soviet Union and captured millions of people generally termed as Prisoners of War (POWs). These POWs were intentionally left to die by denying them the basic

Plato theory of forms Essay Example for Free

Plato theory of forms Essay Plato was a duellist and thus believed that there are two worlds; the material world and the world of ideas/Forms. The world of ideas or Forms is the true reality and the world of appearances is just reflections of world of Forms. Plato believed that our knowledge of the Forms was a priori which means that our souls knew the Forms before it was inside us, therefore we have knowledge prior to experiencing the objects with our senses. Plato believes everyone is born with an intuitive but imperfect understanding of the Forms. He also believes the philosopher is able, through using his intellect, to achieve true knowledge of the abstract Forms without using his senses. Plato’s theory of Forms can be seen as unconvincing to some who believe that abstract ideas e. g table, horse, beauty are actually names that have been invented to help people describe their experiences of the physical world. This is a materialistic view as it suggests that objects in this world are the real reality and our ideas can develop based on experience of things. Aristotle agrees with this and believes knowledge is gained through experience and that there is not an eternal World of Forms that is a priori to us. However, in Plato’s defence some believe that each variety of a Form shares a likeness for example each horse is slightly different yet they all share something that makes it resemble a horse. According to Bertrand Russell, Plato`s theory made a `very important advance in philosophy, since it is the first to emphasise the problem of universals’. Plato’s theory is often regarded as unconvincing due to the fact that Plato believes that every object and idea in the world of appearances is an imperfect copy of an image or Form in the World of Forms. This suggests that there is a perfect Form of things such as a cinema ticket, mud or an insect and so on. According to Bertrand Russell, his ideas of the Forms when taken to its extreme.

Shakespeares Sonnet 150 Explication English Language Essay

Shakespeares Sonnet 150 Explication English Language Essay Shakespeares Sonnet 150 explores the power of love over hate. The sonnet begins with the speaker pondering and questioning his current emotional state. The speakers loved one holds a certain power over him that effectively causes him to be unfaithful to himself as well as lie (3) to his true sight (3). The speaker strives for his heart to sway (2) towards hating his loved one and he has many reasons to do so, but the power that beholds him causes him to look past all of her atrocious habits and imperfections. Her deeds are carried out with such strength and warrantise of skill (7) that it makes all of the desirable she does seem so small that it is often overlooked by not only him, but others as well. The speaker was warned by others with the actuality that his loved one was unworthy of his love. He denied the obvious and truthful advice from his companions and remained in love. This caused the speaker to gain hate on his state (12) from not only them, but his loved one in particular . Throughout all of the mistreating the speakers loved one portrayed towards him, he remained loyal to his oath and loved her just as much as he initially did. The sonnet ends with the speaker left in a sense of shock and disapproval. Even though he remained worthy to his partner and forgivingly overlooked all of her imperfections, she did not love him as much as he deserved to be loved. In the first quatrain of the poem, the speaker is questioning his loved ones ability, and pondering on how she is able to make him love her. The word O (1) in the first line of the poem establishes the tone of the poem. It is used as a direct address to the speakers distressing emotional state, which makes the whole sonnet have a more gloomy and depressing tone. By using this type of tone, Shakespeare gives the reader a whole new insight on the speakers emotions. Shaping the loved ones effective influence over the speaker, Shakespeare uses many potent words -power, powerful, might (1) to emphasize the strong amount of authority she held in his emotions. The word powerful in the first line of the poem adds an extra syllable to the traditional iambic pentameter, putting a very powerful focus on the loved ones ability. In the next line, most of the syllables ore used on the word insufficiency (2) which expresses a sense of inability in the speaker. Adding to this sense of insufficiency in the speaker, Shakespeare chose conflicting words like lie (3) followed immediately by the word true (3) and swear (4) add to articulate the reader into feeling the speakers feelings. The first three lines of the quatrain end in a comma while the last line ends in a question mark. By using a question mark, Shakespeare is complicating the tone. He is adding a spark of sarcasm to the sonnet because by the speaker questioning his emotions, he is second guessing himself and asking himself if he is really doing what he should not be. In the second quatrain of the poem, the speaker considers all of his loved ones behaviors and asks himself why he is still in love with her after all the wrong she does to him. In the first line of the second quatrain, the word Whence (5), or where, is used which initiates another question. The word where is a time word that simply means from what place, source, or cause. Adding to this sense of timeliness, the word becoming (5) is used which illustrate a starting point, which is then followed by the word ill (5). The word ill, in this case meaning intended or caused by an evil intent, places negativity on the phrase. In the next lines, the writer uses more potent words to express just how powerful the loved one in the sonnet is. The punctuation in the second quatrain follows the pattern of the first quatrain. This shows that the speakers internal conflict has yet to be settled and he still has doubts on his relationship. In the third quatrain, the speaker questions who taught his loved one to make him love her as well as he considers the amount of love his loved one really feels towards him. Also, the third quatrain does not follow the pattern of quatrains one and two. It is broken up into two different sections, the first being a question and the second being a statement. Starting off the first section of the third quatrain, another time word is used. The word who (10) in this line is used to introduce a relative cause. A second time word, how (10), follows the word who. The word how is used to complete the cause because it identifies to what degree or extent the speakers loved one gained her power. Complicating the rhyme scheme, internal rhyme is used in line nine. The words thee, me, and thee (9) are used to put more of a focus on the speakers loved one rather than himself. Adding to the tone, the word O (11) is used once again in line eleven. By using this word, the speaker is once again returnin g to the drearier mood and exiting the sarcastic mood. It also shows the reader that the realization made by the speaker is one of disappointment. The words others and abhor (11-12) are used repetitively in this section as well. By doing this, Shakespeare is turning the focus away from the speaker and his emotions and onto others, the loved one in particular, and that hatred feeling they feel towards his state. In the last couplet of the sonnet, the speaker reaches the point of realization in the poem. He followed a strategic plan to help him reach this point in the sonnet. He first questioned her authority, secondly pondered on the options and possibilities, and finally came to the point of realizing he was no longer loved by her. The word If (13) is an introduction word, used in this case to introduce the conclusion of the poem. In lines thirteen and fourteen, a very important comparison is made comparing the love of the speaker to that of his loved one. By using the word unworthiness (13) to describe the speakers loved one, followed in the next line by the word worthy (14) describing the speaker, Shakespeare is showing the conflicting views of love in a relationship. More (14) is used immediately before the word worthy (14) to show the quantity of how much greater he should be loved by his loved one. Pairing this group of words also gives the reader an insight into the speakers loved one s emotions. Since love had to be raised (13) in him, it shows she was not deserving of his love, but also More worthy (14) in the following line shows that love was raised less in her and more in the speaker when really, he was more worthy to be beloved. Throughout the entire sonnet, alliteration is heavily used. Words with soft consonants are used to s low the reader down and express the gloomy tone to its greatest extent. By choosing to strategically sequence the poem by the speaker questioning, thinking, and realizing his destiny, Shakespeare puts a more reality type view to this sonnet. These problem solving strategies are used in any situation to sort through problems and make important decisions which give the reader a better grasp to the meaning as well as tone because everything does not always happen as planned or hoped for. Without using this alliteration or diction Shakespeare chose throughout the sonnet, the general feeling of shock and disappointment regarding the speakers love compared to that of his loved one would not be nearly as clear or dramatic.

Biography of Karl Marx Essay -- Karl Marx Biographies Essays

Biography of Karl Marx Karl Heinrich Marx was a German philosopher, social scientist, and revolutionist whose writings formed the beginning of the basic ideas known as Marxism. Although he was largely disregarded by scholars in his own lifetime, his social, economic and political ideas gained rapid acceptance in the socialist movement after his death. With the help of Friedrich Engels, Karl Marx created much of the theory of socialism and communism that we know today. Karl Marx was born in Trier, Germany, on May 5, 1818 to Hirshel and Henrietta Marx. Hirshel Marx was a Jewish lawyer and in order to escape anti-Semitism, he chose to abandon his Jewish faith when Karl was only six years old. Even though the majority of people living in Trier were Catholics, Hirshel Marx decided to become a Protestant. The family converted to Protestantism in 18241. After graduating from the Friedrich-William Gymnasium High School in Trier, Marx entered Bonn University where he studied law and majored in history and philosophy2. He planned to follow his father and become a lawyer—however he soon transferred to the more serious University of Berlin where he remained for four years. He concluded his university course in 1841 after submitting his thesis on the philosophy of Epicurius. While at Berlin, he was introduced to the writings of G. W. F. Hegel and his theory that â€Å"a thing or thought could not be separated from its opposite.† The anti-religion and anti-autocracy philosophies of Hegel led Marx to join a radical group known as the Young Hegelians3. After graduating from Berlin University, Marx moved to Paris, hoping to become a professor. Unfortunately, things did not work out the way he had hoped, and so he turned to jou... ...s consisted of illness and depression after his wife and oldest daughter died. He continued to write essays and papers on socialism and communism until his death on March 14, 1814. 1 Olsen, Richard E. Karl Marx. Boston: Twayne, 1978. 2 http://www.historyguide.org/intellect/marx.html 3 McLellan, David. Karl Marx. New York: The Viking Press, 1975. 4 Olsen, 13. 5 http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Tumarx.htm 6 Olsen, 14. 7 McLellan, 6. 8 McLellan, 8. 9 Olsen, 15. 10 HistoryGuide, 2. 11 Spartacus, 2. 12 Olsen, 17. 13 McLellan, 10. 14 Olsen, 17. For more information on Karl Marx visit these websites: http://csf.colorado.edu/psn/marx/Bio/Marx-Karl/km1869a.htm http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/marx.htm http://www.trincoll.edu/depts/phil/philo/phils/marx.html http://www.philosophypages.com/ph/marx.htm

Space Race Essay -- essays research papers

We have always dreamed about reaching the heavens. From ancient civilizations to the modern day world, our obsession of going into space has grown from studying the stars to actual exploration of space. We have come a long way since primitive charts of constellations. From telescopes to satellites, we as a population have progressed greatly in the world of technology. In a mere forty years, we have had more technological advances than the Industrial Revolution. The Space Race has affected our everyday lives; we use the same technology that the astronauts used during their missions for example digital clocks (Dismukes http://spaceflight.nasa.gov). Many industries have benefited, communication companies, industrial manufacturers, and the medical field. As a result of this technological revolution, the world has become smaller. With the technology gained from the Space Race, we can perform medical tasks that only existed in the dreams of surgeons; we can communicate with another person on the other side of the world in seconds, not days or months. Without the Space Race we would not have the technological advances that exist today. We as a population might have been stuck with the technology of the 1930’s. Germany, which has always been at the forefront of engineering, pioneered the technology for early rocketry. They broke new ground with the advances that they accomplished. The Germans interest in having rockets was due to the fact that after World War I the nation was banned in having long-range artillery, such as a bullet that can go several miles; instead Germany had begun research on rocket technology. Much of the accomplishment is credited to Hermann Oberth and Werner von Braun. Oberth wrote The Rocket Into Interplanetary Space. Later, his work motivated future rocket engineers, and von Braun, along with his students, developed the infamous V-2 rocket, later used in World War II (Neal 17). With the knowledge gained from the research of Oberth and von Braun, the German military has built the V-1 and the V-2, which has been dubbed the â€Å"Vengeance Weapon† (Neal 19). During World War II, the American allies were closing in on the German stronghold, and Hitler was terrified, and he issued the manufacturing of notorious V-1 and V-2s. Von Braun and Oberth unknowingly started a new era in history, the series of technological advances, that would change the world... ...TI was established, the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence. Perhaps we will soon find the answer Deward, John and Nancy. History of NASA America’s Voyage to the Stars. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bison Book Corp., 1984 Dismukes, Kim. â€Å"NASA Human Space Flight.† Dec. 10, 2000.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Dec. 4, 2000) McAleer, Neil. The Omni Space Almanac. New York: Scripps Howard Company, 1987 Murray, Charles and Catherine Cox. Apollo the Race to the Moon. New York: Simon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and Schuster, 1989 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kennedy Space Center Story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kennedy Space Center, 1974 Neal, Valerie, Cathleen Lewis, and Frank Winter. Smithsonian Guides: Space Flight.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1995 Needal, Allan. The First 25 Years in Space. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institute,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1993 Snedden, Robert. 20th Century Inventions Rockets and Spacecraft. Austin: Steck-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vaughn Company, 1998 Walter, William. Space Age. New York: Random House, 1992 Space Race Essay -- essays research papers We have always dreamed about reaching the heavens. From ancient civilizations to the modern day world, our obsession of going into space has grown from studying the stars to actual exploration of space. We have come a long way since primitive charts of constellations. From telescopes to satellites, we as a population have progressed greatly in the world of technology. In a mere forty years, we have had more technological advances than the Industrial Revolution. The Space Race has affected our everyday lives; we use the same technology that the astronauts used during their missions for example digital clocks (Dismukes http://spaceflight.nasa.gov). Many industries have benefited, communication companies, industrial manufacturers, and the medical field. As a result of this technological revolution, the world has become smaller. With the technology gained from the Space Race, we can perform medical tasks that only existed in the dreams of surgeons; we can communicate with another person on the other side of the world in seconds, not days or months. Without the Space Race we would not have the technological advances that exist today. We as a population might have been stuck with the technology of the 1930’s. Germany, which has always been at the forefront of engineering, pioneered the technology for early rocketry. They broke new ground with the advances that they accomplished. The Germans interest in having rockets was due to the fact that after World War I the nation was banned in having long-range artillery, such as a bullet that can go several miles; instead Germany had begun research on rocket technology. Much of the accomplishment is credited to Hermann Oberth and Werner von Braun. Oberth wrote The Rocket Into Interplanetary Space. Later, his work motivated future rocket engineers, and von Braun, along with his students, developed the infamous V-2 rocket, later used in World War II (Neal 17). With the knowledge gained from the research of Oberth and von Braun, the German military has built the V-1 and the V-2, which has been dubbed the â€Å"Vengeance Weapon† (Neal 19). During World War II, the American allies were closing in on the German stronghold, and Hitler was terrified, and he issued the manufacturing of notorious V-1 and V-2s. Von Braun and Oberth unknowingly started a new era in history, the series of technological advances, that would change the world... ...TI was established, the Search for Extra Terrestrial Intelligence. Perhaps we will soon find the answer Deward, John and Nancy. History of NASA America’s Voyage to the Stars. New York:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Bison Book Corp., 1984 Dismukes, Kim. â€Å"NASA Human Space Flight.† Dec. 10, 2000.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (Dec. 4, 2000) McAleer, Neil. The Omni Space Almanac. New York: Scripps Howard Company, 1987 Murray, Charles and Catherine Cox. Apollo the Race to the Moon. New York: Simon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  and Schuster, 1989 National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Kennedy Space Center Story.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kennedy Space Center, 1974 Neal, Valerie, Cathleen Lewis, and Frank Winter. Smithsonian Guides: Space Flight.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  New York: Macmillan Publishing, 1995 Needal, Allan. The First 25 Years in Space. Washington D.C.: Smithsonian Institute,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1993 Snedden, Robert. 20th Century Inventions Rockets and Spacecraft. Austin: Steck-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Vaughn Company, 1998 Walter, William. Space Age. New York: Random House, 1992

Philosophy of Teaching Essay -- Teachers Education Essays

Philosophy of Teaching Children are not required to have real jobs, but they are required to attend school everyday. A teacher’s job is to show children how to make special use of their time and value their educational opportunities. Students do not get paid for their eight a.m. to three p.m. job, but they will be rewarded for the work that they put in. Teachers will only be truly happy and successful if they are dedicated to working hard and providing a positive attitude for their students. The real reward will be the success of their students and the growth of their knowledge of the world around them. I have observed that becoming a teacher is different from training or studying for any other job. Teachers bring their work home with them, both literally and figuratively. All teachers need to bring home papers to grade and lesson plans to work on; yet, becoming a real teacher means taking the job more seriously. Teachers are mentors who tackle little problems that a particular student faces. Teachers deal with the challenges of making lessons fun, creative, and effective. Being a compassionate, caring teacher is a difficult task because educators only have limited time to really make an impact on their students. Most classes only last about forty minutes each day. However, a teacher can make a lifelong impact on the students if he or she devotes energy and creativity for the benefit of the students. I do not think that there is any one teacher who is perf...

Frito Lay Sun Chips Case Study Essay

1. How would you characterize the snack chip category and Frito-Lay’s competitive position in this category? The snack chip category is growing, mainly because of the increased per capita consumption, which rose from about 12 pounds in 1986 to nearly 14 pounds in 1990. The snack chip category consists of three types of competitors: national, regional and private brand firms. The market is very competitive and difficult; as many as 650 new products are introduced every year, but less than 1% of them generate more than $25 million in first-year sales. Frito-Lay is a national brand and a worldwide leader in the manufacturing and marketing of snack chips. Frito-Lay accounts for 13 percent of sales in the US snack food industry. Frito-Lay’s market share is 50% of the snack chips category, and and eight of its snack chips are among the top-10 best-selling chip items in US supermarkets. Furthermore, Doritos and Ruffles are the only snack chips with $1 billion in retail sales i n the world. 2. What specific challenges and risks does Frito-Lay face in marketing SunChips and what are the implications of each? The following are many of the specific challenges and risks that Frito-Lay faces in marketing SunChips and the implications of each: * There are a relatively large number of rivals > a lot of competition. * There is a large number of substitute brands/chips > a lot of competition. * Consumers are very price sensitive so brands are competing on price > detrimental. * There are a few barriers to entry, and existing entrants have better access to distribution channels than new ones. * Tried healthy snacks and failed > risky strategy. * New brand name is a departure from known name. * Cannibalization is a concern. * Frito Lay strategy: differentiator, line extensions, new products to address needs. 3. What insights can be drawn from Frito-Lay’s prior experience with multigrain snacks? As mentioned before, the snack chip market is incredibly competitive. With as many as 650 new products entering the product every year and less than 1% reaching a sustainable sales mark of $25 million, it is rare to find a successful one. Frito-Lay first toyed with multigrain snack chips in the 1970s, when research indicated a need for a snack in this category. Prontos, released in 1974 and distributed for four years, weren’t incredibly well received. While a lack of success is attributed to a confusing name, poor manufacturing and too narrow a market, Dwight Riskey, VP of Marketing Research and New Business, admits that he is â€Å"not sure there were dramatic things wrong with the product design [†¦]. It may have been invented and introduced before its time.† This sentiment was reflected in the Harvest Project in the early 1980s, when Frito-Lay developed several multigrain products to attempt and have a possible healthy alternative to saltier snack foods for the baby-boomer generation. Lackluster response caused the project to stall into the mid 80s as focus was put on developing new flavors and healthier alternatives in other brands. Development for the product now under the Sun Chips brand picked up in 1988. Consumer testing found a few variations of the Sun Chip that were perceived by test markets as both healthy and as â€Å"everyday snacks† — a factor necessary to the long term success of the snack. Ultimately, they had to wait until the right time to release the product. The market was slowly gaining health consciousness as baby-boomers matured and desired healthier alternatives to their snack foods. Early attempts were just that: too early. 4. What conclusions can be drawn from research on SunChips’ consumer acceptance and sales potential prior to the Minneapolis-St. Paul test market? The results from the premarket test were not at all what Frito-Lay’s executives had initially expected. Consumers preferred the SunChip name,while the most popular flavors were Natural and French Onion. After the trial, Sunchips had the potential to be an â€Å"everyday snack.† The results from the premarket test indicated that the Sun Chips Multigrain Snacks would sell a total sales volume of $113 million during it’s first year on the market. Included in this sales volume is a $22 million advertising and merchandising expenditure. That being said, $113 million far exceeds the $100 million sales performance goal for which Frito-Lay initially planned. There is also less potential for product cannibalism at 42%. The Minneapolis-St Paul, Minnesota metropolitan area was chosen because executives believed it to be a strong social and economic representation of the US as a whole. Generally speaking, this area also represented a standard environment in which consumer acceptance of products and competitive behavior both could be measured accurately. Ultimately, 2.2% of American households that eat these types of chips reside within this metropolitan area. Thus, according to the research on SunChips’ consumer acceptance and sales potential prior to the test market, it would be highly advised for Frito-Lay to continue exploration with this product, and proceed to more advanced stages of product testing. 5. What is your assessment of the SunChips’ test market results? Promotion/Advertising: As a result of the Premarket Test, Frito-Lay is allocating a $22 million advertising budget for Sun Chips. 70% of this budget—$15.4 million—is to be used within the first 6 months of the test market. The advertising message will convey subtle positive messages, including wholesomeness, fun and simplicity. Television commercials emphasizing â€Å"smarter because they’re multigrain† will be shown in order to appeal to the health-oriented consumer segment while depicting the product as unique. In-store displays and free-standing inserts in newspapers will support the advertising campaign, while coupons placed in newspaper free-standing inserts will stimulate trial and repeat sales during the test market Price and Sales: Projected annual sales in the snack chip category amount to half of the market share or about $5 billion. Sales are projected to grow at a 4-5% rate annually due to an increase in per capita consumption. Sun Chips carries a selling price to retailers of $0.385 for the 2.25 ounce package, $1.240 for the 7 ounce package, and $1.732 for the 11 ounce package. The weighted-average price amounts to $0.16 per ounce sold, with 15% of purchases in the Test Market going towards the 2.25-ounce package, 47% to the 7-ounce package, and 38% to the 11-ounce package. With this average price-per-ounce of $0.16, first-year sales on a national level as represented by the Test Market will amount to $82,866,894 for Sun Chips. Decisions/Alternatives: 1. Decide not to launch Sun Chips 2. Continue to test the product and risk having a competitor launch a similar product nationally or regionally 3. Expand and launch a national introduction, requiring adequate manufacturing capacity Strategies: 1. Increase advertising and merchandising spending to either test further or launch nationally 2. Introduce a larger package size 3. Build the household repeat and depth of repeat business by introducing a flavor extension (mild cheddar) 6. Given your assessment of the test market results, what actions should Dwight Riskey recommend to Frito-Lay’s top executives? We believe that Riskey should implement the flavor extension strategy while continuing to test the product for another 6 months. The extension would increase the â€Å"repeats per repeater† to an average of 3.5 times per year instead of 3 times per year due to greater variety for consumers. This will increase expected national sales from $82,866,894 to $90,984,446, or $8,117,552 closer to the company’s $100 million goal. The introduction of another flavor could increase the cannibalization rate from 30% to 35%. This, however, actually amounts to only 23% cannibalization because 1/3 of this cannibalized volume stems from Doritos which have the same suggested retail price as Sun Chips. Adding another flavor will also increase brand awareness (33%) even further past the successful O’Grady’s brand awareness of 28% before the product can be released on a national scale. In taking more time to test the product and by adding another flavor, Frito-Lay can increase first-year sales by building repeat business, as well as increase brand awareness to assure they reach their goal of $100 million in first-year sales.

Plant Tissue Culture Essay

Plant tissue culture is a collection of techniques used to maintain or grow plant cells, tissues or organs under sterile conditions on a nutrient culture medium of known composition. Plant tissue culture is widely used to produce clones of a plant in a method known as micropropagation. Different techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain advantages over traditional methods of propagation, including: †¢The production of exact copies of plants that produce particularly good flowers, fruits, or have other desirable traits. †¢To quickly produce mature plants. †¢The production of multiples of plants in the absence of seeds or necessary pollinators to produce seeds. †¢The regeneration of whole plants from plant cells that have been genetically modified. †¢The production of plants in sterile containers that allows them to be moved with greatly reduced chances of transmitting diseases, pests, and pathogens. †¢The production of plants from seeds that otherwise have very low chances of germinating and growing, i.e.: orchids and nepenthes. †¢To clean particular plants of viral and other infections and to quickly multiply these plants as ‘cleaned stock’ for horticulture and agriculture. Plant tissue culture relies on the fact that many plant cells have the ability to regenerate a whole plant (totipotency). Single cells, plant cells without cell walls (protoplasts), pieces of leaves, or (less commonly) roots can often be used to generate a new plant on culture media given the required nutrients and plant hormo nes. Techniques Modern plant tissue culture is performed under aseptic conditions under HEPA filtered air provided by a laminar flow cabinet. Living plant materials from the environment are naturally contaminated on their surfaces (and sometimes interiors) with microorganisms, so surface sterilization of starting material (explants) in chemical solutions (usually sodium or calcium hypochlorite or mercuric chloride) is required. Mercuric chloride is seldom used as a plant sterilant today, unless other sterilizing agents are found to be ineffective, as it is dangerous to use, and is difficult to dispose of. Explants are then usually placed on the surface of a solid culture medium, but are sometimes placed directly into a liquid medium, particularly when cell suspension cultures are desired. Solid and liquid media are generally composed of inorganic salts plus a few organic nutrients, vitamins and plant hormones. Solid media are prepared from liquid media with the addition of a gelling agent, usually p urified agar. In vitro tissue culture potato explants The composition of the medium, particularly the plant hormones and the nitrogen source (nitrate versus ammonium salts or amino acids) have profound effects on the morphology of the tissues that grow from the initial explant. For example, an excess of auxin will often result in a proliferation of roots, while an excess of cytokinin may yield shoots. A balance of both auxin and cytokinin will often produce an unorganised growth of cells, or callus, but the morphology of the outgrowth will depend on the plant species as well as the medium composition. As cultures grow, pieces are typically sliced off and transferred to new media (subcultured) to allow for growth or to alter the morphology of the culture. The skill and experience of the tissue culturist are important in judging which pieces to culture and which to discard. As shoots emerge from a culture, they may be sliced off and rooted with auxin to produce plantlets which, when mature, can be transferred to potting soil for further g rowth in the greenhouse as normal plants. [1] Choice of explant The tissue obtained from the plant to culture is called an explant. Based on work with certain model systems, particularly tobacco, it has often been claimed that a totipotent explant can be grown from any part of the plant. However, this concept has been vitiated in practice. In many species explants of various organs vary in their rates of growth and regeneration, while some do not grow at all. The choice of explant material also determines if the plantlets developed via tissue culture are haploid or diploid. Also the risk of microbial contamination is increased with inappropriate explants. Thus it is very important that an appropriate choice of explant be made prior to tissue culture. The specific differences in the regeneration potential of different organs and explants have various explanations. The significant factors include differences in the stage of the cells in the cell cycle, the availability of or ability to transport endogenous growth regulators, and the metabolic capabilities of the cells. The most commonly used tissue explants are the meristematic ends of the plants like the stem tip, auxiliary bud tip and root tip. These tissues have high rates of cell division and either concentrate or produce required growth regulating substances including auxins and cytokinins. The pathways through which whole plants are regenerated from cells and tissues or explants such as meristems broadly fall into three types: 1.The method in which explants that include a meristem (viz. the shoot tips or nodes) are grown on appropriate media supplemented with plant growth regulators to induce proliferation of multiple shoots, followed by rooting of the excised shoots to regenerate whole plants, 2.The method in which totipotency of cells is realized in the form of de novo organogenesis, either directly in the form of induction of shoot meristems on the explants or indirectly via a callus (unorganised mass of cells resulting from proliferation of cells of the explant) and plants are regenerated through induction of roots on the resultant shoots, 3.Somatic embryogenesis, in which asexual adventive embryos (comparable to zygotic embryos in their structure and development) are induced directly on explants or indirectly through a callus phase. The first method involving the meristems and induction of multiple shoots is the preferred method for the micropropagation industry since the risks of somaclonal variation (genetic variation induced in tissue culture) are minimal when compared to the other two methods. Somatic embryogenesis is a method that has the potential to be several times higher in multiplication rates and is amenable to handling in liquid culture systems like bioreac tors. Some explants, like the root tip, are hard to isolate and are contaminated with soil microflora that become problematic during the tissue culture process. Certain soil microflora can form tight associations with the root systems, or even grow within the root. Soil particles bound to roots are difficult to remove without injury to the roots that then allows microbial attack. These associated microflora will generally overgrow the tissue culture medium before there is significant growth of plant tissue. Aerial (above soil) explants are also rich in undesirable microflora. However, they are more easily removed from the explant by gentle rinsing, and the remainder usually can be killed by surface sterilization. Most of the surface microflora do not form tight associations with the plant tissue. Such associations can usually be found by visual inspection as a mosaic, de-colorization or localized necrosis on the surface of the explant. An alternative for obtaining uncontaminated explants is to take explants from seedlings which are aseptically grown from surface-sterilized seeds. The hard surface of the seed is less permeable to penetration of harsh surface sterilizing agents, such as hypochlorite, so the acceptable conditions of sterilization used for seeds can be much more stringent than for vegetative tissues. Tissue cultured plants are clones. If the original mother plant used to produce the first explants is susceptible to a pathogen or environmental condition, the entire crop would be susceptible to the same problem. Conversely, any positive traits would remain within the line also. Applications Plant tissue culture is used widely in plant science; it also has a number of commercial applications. Applications include: †¢Micropropagation is widely used in forestry and in floriculture. Micropropagation can also be used to conserve rare or endangered plant species.[2] †¢A plant breeder may use tissue culture to screen cells rather than plants for advantageous characters, e.g. herbicide resistance/tolerance. †¢Large-scale growth of plant cells in liquid culture in bioreactors for production of valuable compounds, like plant-derived secondary metabolites and recombinant proteins used as biopharmaceuticals.[3] †¢To cross distantly related species by protoplast fusion and regeneration of the novel hybrid. †¢To cross-pollinate distantly related species and then tissue culture the resulting embryo which would otherwise normally die (Embryo Rescue). †¢For production of doubled monoploid (dihaploid) plants from haploid cultures to achieve homozygous lines more rapidly in breeding programmes, usually by treatment with colchicine which causes doubling of the chromosome number. †¢As a tissue for transformation, followed by either short-term testing of genetic constructs or regeneration of transgenic plants. †¢Certain techniques such as meristem tip culture can be used to produce clean plant material from virused stock, such as potatoes and many species of soft fruit. †¢Micropropagation using meristem and shoot culture to produce large numbers of identical individuals. †¢Production of identical sterile hybrid species can be obtained. Laboratories Although some growers and nurseries have their own labs for propagating plants by the technique of tissue culture, a number of independent laboratories provide custom propagation services. The Plant Tissue Culture Information Exchange lists many commercial tissue culture labs. Since plant tissue culture is a very labour intensive process, this would be an important factor in determining which plants would be commercially viable to propagate in a laboratory.

United States Recovery of Western Europe Post World War

United States Recovery of Western Europe post World War II Most of Europe was demolished after World War II and had to rebuild but most governments were in debt and out of money because of the war. Many people didn’t have food to eat or more to pay their taxes which made it completely difficult for the governments to recovery tax to start rebuilding. Fortunately the United States was free of war and devastation making us the richest country in the world. We were able to give help to Europe and its allies to recover from the war. A great deal of Europe’s success would not have happened without its initial Foreign aid from the United States.Foreign aid is the transfer of money, goods, and services from one country to another. This helped to rebuild the economies of Western Europe and to help contain the Soviet expansion in the aftermath of World War II. The United State and Europe had to work fast because if Western Europe did not rebuild and grow strong quickly, it may s oon fall to communism since the United States, and most of Europe had allied with the Russians in order to defeat Hitler and the Germans but they were also worried about the Russians and the  spread of communism. After helping destroy so much of the continent, killing over 55 million people, the U.S. used the Marshall Plan to put billions of dollars back into the European economy. The Marshall Plan was announced in June of 1947 and was named after Secretary of State George C. Marshall. It was very successful. Truman extended the Marshall Plan to less-developed countries throughout the world. The Western European countries involved experienced a rise in their gross national products. The United States have $13 billion for assistance in Western European countries for four year. By the end of the Marshall Plan, all participating countries were stronger than before. The plan help Europe economically recover from the war.

How Does the Writer of This Text Use Language and Grammar?

How does the writer of this text use language and grammar to shape the readers response? The author uses jargon, puns and compound sentences to shape his readers response. This is done by paying attention to his audience which is the readers of the Metro, which are public transport users. Also to his purpose which is to entertain his audience. Puns are used to give a light-hearted effect to entertain his audience. This is evident where the author says â€Å"A new musical talent spreads his wings†.This provides entertainment to his readers in the form of comedy. Additionally the words he uses acts as a metaphor, yet in this case the phrase is quite literal as he is talking about a fly. This quite an effective pun. The use of puns provides amusement to his audience and by placing this pun at the beginning of this article it makes the reader intrigued to read on. Furthermore puns are used throughout the article to keep the reader engaged. Jargon is used also as a way to present h is readers with photography knowledge.He uses a quote from the photographer which says â€Å"†¦to give a refreshing view on insect marco-photography†. By using this the author gives the public a small insight to what technology goes into taking these photos. This uses of jargon also presents another purpose as it shows the photographer of these fly photos to be a professional within this business. Also that it makes it easier for people who know about the subject to follow, as specialized terms can be used without losing information.This is useful as he has a very wide audience and some may understand these terms. The use of compound sentences adds more detail and information. The author says â€Å"Nearly all the photographs of Mr Fly, whose first name was Gerald, were taken in Mr Hendrickx’s bedroom, using mostly natural light and a small eight megapixel camera. † By saying this the author adds more richness to the sentence and therefore by doing so adds m ore information to his readers.By adding more information the author can entertain his audience which are on the public transport on their journeys. Furthermore that by using compound sentences it is more effective in creating a balance between two important pieces of information, thereby leaving the reader with a better understanding of the article. To conclude by using all this techniques the author of the text can keep his audience engaged and entertained while reading his article and furthermore provide them with information which they may not of known prior.

Corporate governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Corporate governance - Essay Example The Fraud was first discovered when its budget and financial Analyst Kim Emigh blew the whistle in December of 2000 when he asked engineers in Richardson, Texas unit and elsewhere to stop charging their time for long term projects to capital expenditures (Young 2002). It was also when he told his accounting manager Frank Guckes after receiving an email to charge it to another account that it is fraud and that it is a SEC violation that he should make everybody aware of it because Kim Emigh will (Young 2002). Ten weeks later, Kim Emigh was fired which prompted him to sue WorldCom leading to a congressional and SEC inquiry which eventually led to WorldCom’s filing for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in July 21, 2002. Later, its CEO Bernard Ebbers was found guilty on March 15, 2005 and was sentenced to 25 years in prison. WorldCom’s other officials such as its CFO Scott Sullivan, former controller David Myers, former accounting director Buford Yates and former accounting managers Betty Vinson and Troy Normand all plead guilty to fraud, conspiracy and filing of false statements. II. Crisis as a pretext of WorldCom corporate governance failure The WorldCom financial scandal came about from the backdrop of several crises that put pressure on the liquidity of the company that may have triggered its shady accounting practice. Beginning in late 1990s, the telecom industry was already beginning slow down and the Argentinian bank crisis in 2001 prompted bank to adopt a conservative fiscal policy by increasing its interest rates. This has affected the dotcom companies whose rapid appreciation in the market was propelled mainly by cheap capital afforded by lower interest rates. When the dotcom bubble burst, it contributed to the slowdown of the telecoms industry of which WorldCom is a player. The increasing conservatism of banks led them to pressure WorldCom CEO Bernard Ebbers to cover margin calls of his declining WorldCom stock because it was used to financ e his other businesses. In 2001, Ebbers urged the board of WorldCom to provide him $400 to cover these margin calls whose strategy did not work. This added pressure to the finances of the company to resort to shady accounting practices to cover its deteriorating financial position and save the value of its stocks so as not to add to the margin calls it has to cover. III. Corporate government failures of WorldCom WorldCom’s problem started when its CEO Bernard Ebbers used WorldCom stocks to guarantee his loan from banks that will finance his other businesses. As a business practice, it is not ideal to juggle funds between companies because they do not only confuse the accounting of both companies but also brings other financial complications not to mention unethical such as what happened to WorldCom. When the series of crisis begun in late 1990’s which was triggered by a multitude of factors such as bank crisis, dotcom burst and Enron scandal, its stocks depreciated bec ause of industry slowdown that can be attributed to the dire macroeconomic condition during that time and the inappropriateness of juggling its funds by Bernard Ebbers was highlighted and sired many problems in the company. This also put pressure on the finances of WorldCom that instead of restructuring itself as part of good corporate governa

Families in society Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Families in society - Essay Example In today’s generation, the ideal family structure of two parents, father solely being the breadwinner and two to three children has drastically changed. Nowadays, especially in the United States, we come across all types of families; single parent; both working parents, no children by choice, multiple parents etc (Kesner & McKenry, 2001). The fact that both parents have started to work, children are neglected in comparison to the attention they received in previous times. Since a mother is putting the same amount of time at the workplace as the father, she thinks her additional responsibility at home should also be shared. But fathers usually do not like the idea of getting involved in domestic housing issues. Another problem suffered is the amount of stress which an individual goes through besides his normal hectic work routine. This fatigue is somewhat passed on, in some way or the other, to the entire family. Besides structural composition, the basic diversity of US based f amilies has also changed. For instance, more of gay and lesbian families have come into existence since late. But such family dynamics are strictly opposed by traditional religious groups. Some of the most common family problems are discussed in this section. For instance, US is a country which has the most number of people behind bars. Therefore, families of such prisoners suffer badly as kids are deprived of their fathers’ support, while wives also dearly miss their respective partners. Another common issue is the negative impact on kids due to constant rifts between married partners. Frustration gathered from the workplace also has a role to play in such activities. Due to such parental fights, kids start to lose confidence and trust in both parents (Leroy & Symes, 2001). After reading the whole article I concur with most of the facts mentioned about family life, with some

Soteriology Doctrine of Atonement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Soteriology Doctrine of Atonement - Essay Example (Herrick 2005, screen 1) It is a study by theologians world over on why and how belief in Christ the Son, is the only way to the Father God and thereby, eternal life. So the word Soteriology has come to be associated with deliverance from all sins and afflictions. (Richardson undated, screen 1)And the rest of the paper reflects on how true Soteriology itself can defend its claims of atonement through faith in Christ. Though the word Soteriology does not exist in the scriptures, ("What is" 2006, screen 1) the whole New Testament can be itself called an express expansion of the term. And what better light than to examine the atonement through faith in Christ than the very Scriptures. In Psalms 49:6-9, the Lord God says They that trust in their wealth, and boast themselves in the multitude of their riches; None of them can by any means redeem his brother, nor give to God a ransom for him: (For the redemption of their soul is precious, and it ceaseth for ever:) That he should still live for ever, and not see corruption. The Lord God foretells of the coming of Son who will never see corruption but remain as true and pure. Though He could have chosen any and all, He chose to show us His wonder and glory not in His power or might, but in His meekness, and mercy. It is only through Christ Jesus that man is atoned for their sins. He further confirms this as He says in Matthew 18:11, For the Son of man is come to save that which was lost. Mankind had fallen. It was only through His arm (With whom my hand shall be established: mine arm also shall strengthen him) (Psalm 89:21) and Isaiah 40:10 Behold, the Lord GOD will come with strong hand, and his arm shall rule for him: behold, his reward is with him, and his work before him. Our reward is found through obedience to Lord Jesus. He is the way to salvation there is no other. Christ spoke to us and told us that He is the way. No one save whom He chooses to reveal to the Father will know Him. All things are delivered unto me of my Father: and no man knoweth the Son, but the Father; neither knoweth any man the Father, save the Son, and he to whomsoever the Son will reveal him. (Matt. 11:27). There is one path to salvation and that path was marked by the passing of Him. He showed us how, why, and what. How we must live or lives. What we must do to receive the gift of eternal and why He chose to die the death He did - not for his own glory but for the salvation of mankind. For, it was through His blood that atonement was paid for our sins. Christ further told us that He and the Father are one. As the Lord stated in Issaih as previously stated He referred to Christ as His arm. He came to reach out the arm of the Lord first to atone for our sins. He came from the Father and died on the cross that we all may live. He rose from the dead and ascended to return to the Father, but His work was not finished. He is here amongst us and knocks - how often would I have gathered thy children together, even as a hen gathereth her chickens under her wings, and ye would not! (Matthew 23:37) Who is there to answer his knock God does not measure time as man measures time. He was, is and will be beyond time. "Election and foreknowledge are essentially the same." (Thiessen 2003, p. 107) In 2 Timothy He tells us

Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 67

Assignment Example The drought affected the economy very badly and reduced grain production levels. On top of that, the ‘financial bondage’ was imposed by the IMF and World Bank, although this term is not used in the article. In league with other Western powers and the media, they engaged in lies about Zimbabwe that made matters difficult for the country. Together with the land issue re-erupting after war veterans demanded compensation, these circumstances led to Zimbabwe’s financial woes in 1997 and more troubled years ahead. The land issues have roots in the 1930 Land Appropriation Act, which restricted the native black people’s access to land under British colonial rule in favor of the white settlers. This put pressure on the limited land available to blacks in tribal reserves. After independence, the Lancaster House Agreement only postponed resolving the problem by protecting white owners for another decade. The 1985 Land Acquisition Act did try to alleviate the problem through land redistribution, but problems such as racial tensions and overcrowding persisted. Then the demands of the war veterans only added to the pressure. President Mugabe took a bold step by forcefully taking land back from whites and distributing it among the majority blacks, but favoritism and corruption were evident, and therefore, ordinary Zimbabweans continue to suffer. Zimbabwe is in dire need of addressing issues of inequality, ensuring self-sustenance, protection from outside exploitations, elimination of corrupt and the implementation of fair practices, and above all good governance if it is to prevent a total Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 223 Assignment Example His second argument was based on and backed by observations made by fellow astronomer, Adriaan van Maanen. Van Maanen claimed to have observed he Pinwheel Galaxy rotate. For this to be possible, it would mean that it was revolving at a speed faster than the speed of light, which was impossible. Andrew Mackellar was unfortunate to lose the prize. He made his discovery at a time that World War II was at its peak. All efforts were towards winning the war and there wasn’t an opportunity for him to present his findings to fellow scientists at a

Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction Essay

Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction - Essay Example The essay "Practical Anthropology and Moral Philosophy Distinction" presents the analysis of the difference between Kant’s moral philosophy and the empirical moral philosophy in terms of their principles and major determinants. The basis of finding the supreme moral principle should not be on the descriptive part but on the authoritative normative principle that is most fundamental in deciding human actions. Kant claims that morality commands human beings to be natural using the prior principles but never through the posterior ones. The two principles must be clearly distinguished in order to help determine what the conditional and the unconditional truths are as they may vary from species to species. What may be prudentially good to one person may not be so in another. The only way of justifying such a statement would be to analyze the moral philosophy and the empirical moral philosophy of the species concerned. Kant asserts that all moral theories prior to this fail to explain the categorical nature of moral obligation and to articulate a supreme moral principle that could capture the categorical nature of morality because those previous moral theories had neither recognized moral agents as autonomous nor recognized that the supreme moral principle must be self-legislated. The result of self-legislation in the previous theories on moral philosophy could only lead to hypothetical imperatives whereas Kant’s theory, solely based on the autonomy of legislation, could lead to categorical imperatives.

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Speech and vebal communication - Essay Example It is because of this dynamic ability of people to communicate sans words that a speaker must know and understand how interpersonal dynamics work in relation to the message that he wishes to deliver to them. By using non-verbal communication tools, he should be able to create a rapport with his listener and ensure that he has caught their attention and will be able to hold on to it for the full duration of his speech. Although it may be difficult to do at first, this class has taught me that it is not impossible to accomplish. Provided that the speaker is willing to take the time to make sure that he successfully implements the various facets of interpersonal dynamics within his speech delivery. The interpersonal dynamic is highly dependent upon the type of speech being delivered though. That means that a person who is supposed to deliver a eulogy should not be referring to business dealings within his speech. Having learned such, I now understand that the choice of speech must first be done in order to successfully create the type of interpersonal dynamic that one wishes to have once he begins interacting with his audience as he delivers his speech. But not all speeches are created equal. That means that the speaker must be able to clearly deliver his speech based upon his belief and personal conviction on the topic or central theme of the speech he is delivering. If his arguments are not engaging and thought provoking, then the speech will end up falling upon deaf ears. It will turn into wasted time for both the speaker and the listeners. That is but one of the many pitfalls that plague the speakers of today. If he is unable to connect with his audience, maintain that connection, and convince them of his sentiments then that speaker has failed in his attempt to deliver a highly effective speech. There are many reasons that a person must deliver a speech. There are also a hundred and one reasons as to

Financial Accounting and Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Financial Accounting and Reporting - Essay Example The formation of the bank was done in cooperation by Unit Trust of India, General Insurance Corporation of India, Life Insurance Corporation of India and also four other Public Sector Undertaking (PSU) companies of insurance namely The New India Assurance Company Ltd., United India Insurance Company Ltd., National Insurance Company Ltd. and The Oriental Insurance Company Ltd. (Axis Bank, 2007).Presently, the bank occupies the third position among the banks in private sector to have a Pan network in India which includes over 1281 branches and Automated Teller Machine (ATMs) numbering 6270 making the bank to have the biggest system of ATMs in the country (Pandit, 2008; Axis Bank, 2007). In the year 2007, a decision regarding having its own individuality different from UTI-I as its parent was taken by the bank authority. And this is how the brand name ‘Axis’ was born. The bank was successfully accomplished to rebrand itself with its new name as ‘Axis Bank’. Thi s had assisted the bank to get rid of the dim perception as an entity that was government owned (Pandit, 2008).According to Axis Bank’s Annual Report for the fiscal year 2011, Rs. 3,388.49 crores was reported as its net profit. The earnings as well as the business of the Bank grew sturdily over the previous years. The net profit of the bank also rose by a considerable amount of 34.76 percent compared to the previous year. The substantial expansion in the business in all the segments was revealed in the form of vigorous financial indicators. The total income of the bank increased by 26.97 percent and reached to Rs. 19,786.94 crores in the financial year 2010-11 in comparison to Rs.15,583.80 crores in the last year. The return from operations in this period augmented by 25.08 percent to an amount of Rs.11, 195.12 crores whereas the profit in relation to operations rose by 22.42 percent and amounted to Rs. 6,415.69 crores (Moneycontrol, 2011). The progress in terms of revenue ca n possibly be credited to the performance of the central income streams of the bank such as the income from net interest (NII) as well as other incomes and fees. NII augmented by a percent of 31.14 to an amount of Rs. 6,562.99 crores which was more in numbers compared to last year i.e. 2009-10, whereas other income as well as fee rose to Rs. 4,632.13 by 17.39 percent in comparison to the previous year i.e. 2009-2010. The increase in NII by such a considerable percent of 31.14 was an outcome of the vigorous progress in the low-cost deposits of Current Account and Savings Bank (CASA) and also in assets on a regular average basis. All through the period, the entire earning assets amplified by 34.70 percent to an amount of Rs. 179,573 crores on a regular average basis and which had augmented in comparison to last year i.e. 2009-10. A progress of 32.81 percent was also observed in relation to the low-cost deposits in CASA which had increased from the previous year i.e. 2009-10 on a regul ar standard basis and which even assisted the bank to hold on to the funding prices (Moneycontrol, 2011). Additional income including fees, miscellaneous income and trading profit even augmented to 4,632.13 crores by a percent of 17.39 compared to the previous y

Leadership journal 2- change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Leadership journal 2- change - Essay Example Likewise, the response to evaluating the change in the work setting would necessitate including a change theory and detailing how the use of the theory did or would have helped the implementation of the change. The Change Transition in the Work Setting One is currently working as a registered nurse with a Nursing and Rehabilitation Health Care Facility. The change that currently occurred in this work setting is transitioning from manual or paper-based documentation to computer-based documentation system. Due to the fast paced-technological developments that ensued in the current century, the impetus for change to transcend from paper-based documentation to computer-based documentation through the electronic medical record (EMR) was deemed inevitable. Previous Paper-Based Documentation System The system that had been used to document crucial information, assessment, and interventions provided to patients were traditionally recorded through charting. This means that a patient’s chart is used to record all pertinent information since the patient’s entry in the health care setting for confinement. Several health care practitioners and professionals use the patients’ charts to document their observation, recommended intervention, and diverse health-related information to record the patients’ progress throughout the confined period. Several variables or factors paved the way for the paper based documentation system to exhibit inefficiencies in the health care setting. For one, the volume of patients that have significantly increased through time could not appropriately contain all the information through a patient’s chart. In addition, the number of diagnostic or laboratory tests, and recommended interventions by different health care professionals make recording tedious and complex. As such, there were evident disadvantages found to be related to paper-based documentation; including it being considered a â€Å"poor repository of p atient information†¦ also the tasks associated with such record keeping consume up to 38 percent of the physician's time associated with an outpatient visit† (Tang, LaRosa, & Gorden, 1999, par. 5). Likewise, it is prone to wear and tear; have greater tendencies for encountering difficulties in updating and keeping in file through time; missing information or record; as well as ineligble handwriting could significantly affect and influence the quality and accuracy of patient care that would be provided on a timely manner. Proposed Electronic or Computer-Based Documentation The change that is currently being implemented in using a computer-based patient record (CPR) or documentation system. According to previous studies, the objective or goal of the CPR is â€Å"supporting patient care and improving the quality of care as well as enhancing the productivity of the health care personnel while reducing the costs of health care delivery† (Rodriguez, Borges, Rodriguez, An garita, & Munoz, n.d., p. 1). The CPR therefore addresses all the weaknesses of the paper-based documentation system, particularly limiting or preventing errors in transcribing ineligible handwriting; preventing records being lost; and doing away with filing the patients’ records in repositories which could be destroyed or ineffectively maintained. The Manner by Which the Change was Received Several health car